Die Methylen‐dialkyl‐phosphinig‐ säure‐dihalogenide (I) cyclisieren leicht zu den 1,2,4,5‐Tetra(alkylphospha)cyclohexanen (III).

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In this study, we present the computational method for risk assessment of the socio-economic development of regions. An attempt has been made to develop a method for the determination of integral risk indicators of socio-economic development based on the joint use of the methods of factor analysis and expert evaluation. This approach has increased the reliability of the calculations and made it possible to analyze the influence of socio-economic indicators on the risk level of socio-economic development. The integral risk indicator shows the effect of the inconsistency in the level of factor provision on the socio-economic development of the j-th region (district) in comparison with the general situation in the country (regions). The closer the value of integral risk indicator is to 1, the higher the level of risk in this region. Using Kyiv region districts as an example, the process of risk assessment for regional socio-economic development has been considered. The results obtained in this investigation demonstrate that the presented computational method solves the problem of formalization of risk assessment for the socio-economic development of regions.

Organizational changes are considered as a necessary element of the organizational development process of the enterprise - the process of forming a new organizational system that ensures maximum efficiency and effectiveness in achieving organizational development goals. The development of the organization is a system of measures in the field of strategic management aimed at the implementation of targeted organizational changes that ensure the effective implementation of the strategy and the achievement of the strategic goals of the enterprise. The article presents a three-circuit descriptive model of the enterprise development management process that describes the management processes: the interaction of the enterprise with the environment, the implementation of the economic development strategy of the enterprise and organizational changes in the enterprise. Based on the development management model, the role and place of the organizational change management process and the stochastic dynamic model of this process, taking into account the characteristics of the environment of the enterprise and the intensity of the implementation of organizational changes at the enterprise, are demonstrated.