The tumor-to-tumor metastasis phenomenon remains fairly uncommon, with fewer than 100 cases described to present time. Virtually any tumor can be a donor or a recipient neoplasm. Nevertheless, renal carcinomas have been implicated as the most common malignant tumors to harbor metastasis, while lung and breast tumors are the most frequent donors. This article reports an extremely rare case of a breast cancer metastasis in a lung metastasis of clear cell type renal cell carcinoma that met all Campbell and coworkers’ tumor-to-tumor metastasis criteria. Additionally, we present the literature case reports of breast cancer metastasis in renal cell carcinomas and try to discuss the mechanisms underlying its occurrence. Since this phenomenon identification will impact the therapeutic strategy and it is not easily detected by image, the anatomopathological study of any and all suspicious lesions is of crucial importance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a metastasis inside a metastasis.
Acquired factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency can result in life-long bleeding tendency and can be caused by enhanced consumption, impaired synthesis, or as an immune-mediated process. The latter can be related with solid neoplasms, through neutralizing or non-neutralizing antibodies. The relationship between FXIII activity and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well established. This case report is about a patient with NSCLC and acquired FXIII deficiency. Materials and Methods: Clinical records were obtained through the electronic process analysis, and the confidentiality of the patient was always assured. Results and Discussion: A 70-year-old male with no relevant past medical history and a recently diagnosed metastatic NSCLC was admitted for priapism. Five days later, a he developed a bleeding disorder, with slightly elevated coagulation times and normal fibrinogen levels and platelets count. FXIII level was found to be decreased (0.24 IU/mL) and FXIII plasma mixing studies did not confirm the presence of a neutralizing inhibitor. The FXIII level correction with standard plasma mixing studies was in favour of a non-neutralizing antibody. Despite treatment, haemorrhage control was not achieved and the patient died. Conclusion: This clinical report describes a rare case of a patient with metastatic NSCLC presenting a severe haemorrhagic event caused by FXIII deficiency immune-mediated by non-neutralizing antibodies and subsequent increased clearance.
Introdução: Os Inibidores do checkpoint (IC) imunitário são uma nova classe terapêutica no cancro do pulmão não pequenas células (CPNPC) avançado. Um valor elevado do rácio neutrófilos/ linfócitos (rNL) parece estar associado a piores padrões evolutivos em doentes tratados com IC, incluindo no CPNPC. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o rNL, ao D1 e D30 de tratamento, e a sobrevivência livre de progressão (SLP) e a sobrevivência global (SG) nos doentes com CPNPC tratados em contexto paliativo com pembrolizumab, nivolumab ou atezolizumab. Materiais e Métodos: Análise retrospetiva dos dados de doentes com CPNPC metastizado que tenham recebido imunoterapia entre julho de 2016 e janeiro de 2020, no CHUP. Caracterização dos dados demográficos, clínicos e do tratamento. Determinação da associação entre o rNL ≥5, ao D1 e D30 de tratamento, e a SLP e a SG. Para efeito de análise, considerou‑se rNL ≥5 valor alto. Resultados: Incluídos 79 doentes, com idade mediana 64,5 anos (32 -84), a maioria do género masculino (n=61; 77,2%), com hábitos tabágicos ativos ou passados (n=66; 83,5%) e múltiplas comorbilidades (índice de Charlson mediano de 8). O tipo histológico predominante foi o adenocarcinoma (n=55; 69,6%). Estadio IV ao diagnóstico em 51 doentes (64,6%). O IC mais utilizado foi o pembrolizumab (n=44; 55,7%), seguido do nivolumab (n=29; 36,7%) e atezolizumab (n=6; 7,6%), utilizados predominantemente em segunda linha (60,8%). Verificou -se uma relação entre o rNL e a sobrevivência global nesta amostra. Com follow‑up mediano de 4 meses, o rNL≥5 ao D1 não teve impacto na SLP (rNL<5 4,4m; rNL≥5 2,92m – p 0,792) e SG (rNL<5 9,10m; rNL≥5 4,30m – p 0,260). O rNL≥5 ao D30 não teve impacto na SLP (rNL<5 4,93m; rNL≥5 2,43m – p 0,066) mas teve impacto estatisticamente significativo na SG (rNL<5 10,5m; rNL≥5 3,93m – p 0,046). Discussão/Conclusão: Os dados apresentados corroboram o impacto prognóstico negativo do rNL alto ao D30 na sobrevivência global destes doentes. Apesar de não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa na restante avaliação, verificou -se uma tendência numérica deste impacto. Como limitações do estudo salienta -se o carácter retrospetivo da análise, o pequeno tamanho amostral, a heterogeneidade da amostra e o tempo de follow -up. A confirmação prospetiva destes dados poderá introduzir um novo elemento clínico na seleção de doentes para tratamento com IC, de fácil aplicabilidade na prática clínica diária.
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