Testicular cancer (TC) is among the most common malignancies in the young male. Awareness plays an important role, because delay in diagnosis affects outcome. Testicular self-examination (TSE) is controversial, but recent evidence shows some cost benefits in performing this exam versus a late-stage diagnosis. The aims of this study are to determine and compare awareness for TC and TSE in males and females with the actual knowledge to this disease in an academic population. An exploratory study using an online questionnaire about TC and TSE was performed in a public university. Answers were collected and submitted to statistical analysis. A total of 815 participants-507 males (62.2 %) and 308 females (37.7 %)-answered the survey. The participants that responded that they were aware of TC were 399/507 (78.7 %) males and 275/308 (89.3 %) females. About half (48.9 %) of male and 42.2 % of female respondents did not answered correctly to most common symptom, and only 15 % of males and 25 % of females answered to the question on age at diagnosis. Both gender subjects rated TSE as very important, and the majority of females were motivated to advise male partners or friends to perform TSE. This study reported a good awareness on TC and TSE, but comparing to the correct knowledge about this disease, results are disappointing. The actual knowledge about TC is low and comparable in men and women. Women revealed a better understanding of this disease and importance of TSE, suggesting that they can assume an important role in promoting health behaviors in men.

Slight differences in digital rectal examination findings seem to have very limited impact on the performance of the Rotterdam Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator. Therefore, this can be considered a useful prostate biopsy outcome prediction tool.

Purpose We aimed to characterize surgeons opinion about the vaginal extraction of the kidney after transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy.Matherial and Methods A 9-item questionnaire was published online (Survey Monkey TM) and publicized via email to a multidisciplinary pool of surgeons in Portugal. Data was collected and statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 21.0.Results Three hundred and fifty nine inquiries were sent, 154 surgeons completed the questionnaires (response rate of 43.0%). Fifty five point eight percent of the participants would choose the transvaginal approach for themselves or for a close relative. The most stated arguments were a better cosmesis (29.0%) expectancy of lower post operative pain (26.0%) and lower rate of incisional hernias (23.0%). Defenders of the transabdominal procedure justified with an expectancy of lower complication rate (39%), namely impairment of sexual function and fertility (22%). The female gender and the familiarity with transvaginal surgery were the stronger predictors of the option for this approach (70.6% vs 48.5%; p=0,016 and 85.3% vs 46.6%; p <0.001 respectively).Conclusions Contrasting with similar surveys published on transvaginal NOTES, the vaginal specimen extraction after conventional laparoscopic nephrectomy was fairly accepted by the inquired surgeons.