3D printing technology has revolutionized the way products are manufactured, and it has opened up new possibilities in the field of smart materials. Smart materials are materials that can change their properties in response to external stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, or light. By combining 3D printing technology with smart materials, highly customizable and responsive products are created. The addition of the time dimension to 3D printing has introduced 4D printing technology, which has gained considerable attention in different fields such as medical, art, and engineering. To bridge the gap in knowledge of 4D, this paper assessed the revolution in healthcare with 3D/4D printing and smart materials. Data was generated as part of a broader empirical study which sought to explore healthcare personnel and electrical engineers’ perception on the practices around the use of 3D/4D printing technology and smart materials. The main method used was structured interviews. 12 participant were purposively selected and interviewed including healthcare personnel and electrical engineers form Philippines and Nigeria. The findings reveal an array of activities undertaken using both 3D and 4D. Furthermore, the study revealed that 4D printing is a new generation of 3D printing. Another aspect of the 3D usage is the integration of electrical stimulation and smart implant as a new area of study in healthcare. 3D could also be used to monitoring the smart implant performance. The study also evaluate the possibility of using Internet of things (IoT) in the smart implant as some device embeds smart materials. Smart implant commonly used includes orthopedic applications, such as knee and hip replacement, spine fusion, and fracture fixation. The smart materials used in this technology are important because 3D printing allows printed structures to be dynamic. The paper highpoints is that 4D printing has great potential for the future.

The main purpose of this study was to assess equipment maintenance practices for effective electric power distribution in Adamawa State by Yola Electricity Distribution Company. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 69 consisting of 46 technicians and 23 supervisors in Yola Electricity Distribution Company. The whole population was used for the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers titled “Assessment of Equipment Maintenance Practices for Effective Electric Power Distribution Questionnaire (AEMPELPDQ)”. The instrument was validated by three experts and a reliability of 0.89 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study revealed that Yola Electricity Distribution Company adopts monthly routine maintenance on 18 out of the 31 items listed equipment while quarterly routine maintenance is carried out on 11 of the 31 items. Weekly maintenance is adopted for only two (2) of the equipment; Out of the 31 items listed, 22 of the items are semi-annually maintained; while eight (8) of the items are annually maintained and only one (1) of the equipment (distribution board) is weekly maintained. Based on the findings, YEDC should ensure adequate inspection and supervision of equipment to prevent unwarranted breakdown that may affect effective distribution of electrical power; YEDC should ensure at least monthly routine maintenance is carried out on the equipment available to ensure effective usage.

Purpose: This study investigated female enrolment into electrical/electronics engineering trade in technical colleges of Adamawa State in order to suggest ways of augmenting it for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2016-2030. Approach/ Methodology/ Design: Two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample of the study comprised of 38 teachers and 140 parents. A 50-item Female Enrolment in Electrical/Electronics Engineering Trade (FEEET) Questionnaire was developed by the researchers and used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by three experts from the Department of Electrical Technology Education, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State. Reliability co-efficient of 0.81 was obtained for the instrument using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability method. Mean statistic was used to answer the two research questions while z-test statistics was used to test the two hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that inadequate knowledge on female participation in electrical/electronics engineering trade, hazards involved in working with electricity, and poor gender policy implementation among others were factors affecting female enrolment into the programme. Establishment of electrical/electronics engineering trade skill acquisition centres for females and provision of starter packs for female graduates of electrical/electronics engineering trade among others were strategies identified for improving female enrolment into the programme. Practical Implication: The study has practical implications for achieving sustainable development goals in Nigeria. A sustainable financing scheme for the female trainees of electrical/electronics engineering trade should be established in order to boost their interests in the programme. Originality/Value:  The study identified that inadequate knowledge on female participation in electrical/electronics engineering trade, hazards involved in working with electricity, societal perception about electricity, cultural sanctions on women, early marriages, and poor gender policy implementation are the main factors that affect female enrolment in technical colleges in Nigeria.

The main aim of the study was to assess the perception of teachers and administrators on instructional materials utilization effective teaching of Electrical Installation and Maintenance Works in Technical Colleges of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study which adopted a descriptive survey research design has two research questions and two null hypotheses. The population of the study was 37 subjects consisting of 13 electrical installation and maintenance works trade teachers and 24 administrators of the three Technical Collages in Adamawa State. Mean and t-test were used to answer the three research questions and test the null hypotheses of the study at 0.05 level of significance respectively. Findings of the study revealed that Instructional materials such as electrical drawings for residential wiring diagrams, recorded compact disc, filmstrips, computers, audio players, microphones and televisions are available for teaching and learning of electrical installation and maintenance works trade. The study further revealed that the attitude of teachers toward the use of instructional materials includes: poor selection of relevant instructional materials, and non-application of instructional materials for lesson delivery. Based on the findings of the study, government should provide relevant and more additional instructional material for the teaching and learning of electrical installation and maintenance works trade in all the Technical Colleges; and Ministry of education should sensitize teachers on how to select relevant instructional materials and its implementation in lesson delivery for effective teaching and learning of electrical installation and maintenance works trade in all the technical colleges.

The study's primary goal was to evaluate the methodological skills required by instructors in Radio Television and Global System Mobile Servicing in Vocational Centers in Gombe State, Nigeria. The study used a descriptive survey research approach and was carried out in Gombe State, Nigeria. 55 respondents made up the study's population, including 42 teachers and 13 principals. There was no sampling because the population was of a manageable size, hence whole-population-sampling technique was employed for the study. The structured questionnaire "Questionnaire on the Appraisal of Skills Required by Instructors (QASRI)" designed by the researchers served as the instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated by three professionals, and Cronbach Alpha yielded a reliability value of 0.72. The mean statistics were utilized to answer the research questions, and the null hypotheses were tested using the t-test at a significance threshold of 0.05. According to the statistics, 51.2% of the respondents in Nigeria meet the minimal teaching standards, while 41.8% do not. Additionally, the study found that although teachers in the Radio Television and Global System Mobile Service trade in Vocational Centers in Gombe State, Nigeria, has some abilities in the profession, much more is still needed. It was suggested that the Gombe State Ministry of Education make sure that instructors appointed to vocational centers are well qualified and hold at least the Nigerian minimum for instructors. Additionally, the government should provide on-the-job training for instructors at vocational centers so they may develop more technical skills for efficient teaching and learning.