In Europe and Canada, ADHD has a significant impact on parental stress, particularly during the back-to-school period. This can have important implications as parental stress can affect presentation of ADHD symptoms.

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Depression is a serious disorder that can cause significant problems in mood, thinking, and behavior at home, in school, and with peers. It is estimated that major depressive disorder (MDD) affects about 5% of adolescents. Research has shown that, as in adults, depression in children and adolescents is treatable. Certain antidepressant medications, called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can be beneficial to children and adolescents with MDD. Certain types of psychological therapies also have been shown to be effective. However, our knowledge of antidepressant treatments in youth, though growing substantially, is limited compared to what we know about treating depression in adults. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a public warning in October 2004 about an increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior (suicidality) in children and adolescents treated with SSRI antidepressant medications. However, SSRI medications are considered to have an improvement over older antidepressant medications and they have been shown to be safe and effective for adults. In this chapter we provide an updated and well-documented review of the current scientific evidence on this topic.

El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta al desarrollo social y de la comunicación, así como patrones de conductas restrictivas y repetitivas. El TEA también se asocia a una alta prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos coexistentes. En el esfuerzo de identificar características del ambiente familiar que puedan influir en el curso de estos trastornos coexistentes en individuos con TEA, los investigadores están explorando el constructo de Emociones Expresadas (EE) que mide la relación afectiva entre dos personas, cuyos dominios son el criticismo, calidez, relación y sobre-implicación emocional. El estudio actual tiene como objetivo revisar el constructo de EE, cómo se mide y se aplica en la relación paterno-filial en niños con desarrollo típico y población TEA y describir la adaptación cultural en español así como validar la traducción del contenido del Manual de Autism-Specify Five Minutes Sample Speech (ASFMSS).