As a governmental function, development for progress and welfare is a highly complex process that involves updating various attributes (such as a paradigm, critical or alternative, depending on of the way in which they are articulated regarding social aspects, environmental, and economic growth, as well as the institutional capacity of public and private actors). Regarding this, we are interested in the municipal institutional capacity (MIC) as a skill to carry out the functions and appropriate tasks that municipalities must fulfill in an effective, efficient, and sustainable way, and it varies considerably, depending on each local context. In order to analyze the relevance of the current official regionalization as a state government strategy for the centralized construction of MIC, an exploratory approach to its spatial behavior in the State of Veracruz, Mexico, was carried out. Given the nature of the study, a purely mixed approach, sequential exploratory design, subnational analysis methodology, and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) were employed. The variable to be analyzed is the 2016 Municipal Functional Capacities Index (Índice de Capacidades Funcionales Municipales (ICFM)), with the Geostatistics Framework cartographic base of the 2020 Population and Housing Census. The analysis units are 212 municipalities in the 2014–2017 government period. As a result, it was confirmed that the current regionalization was irrelevant, owing to the absence of global spatial autocorrelation, and it was concluded that targeted interventions are necessary according to regional modeling techniques, based on scientific evidence.

Lead (Pb) as a pollutant is not biodegradable, tends to accumulate in different organisms, and can affect, for example, the performance of maize crops. However, only a few studies have reported on the effect of lead (Pb) and the relationship with the potential of hydrogen (pH) of water on crop performance. Thus, this study aimed at determining the influence of Pb and its relationship with the pH of water on the growth of Creole maize (Zea mays L.). In order to achieve this, a double bottom vessel system, isolated from the soil, was used to expose the plants to an aqueous Pb solution based on the equivalence of 1.5985 g of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) per g of Pb. An experimental design of the two-factor response surface methodology (RSM) was applied. The Creole maize plants were exposed to four different concentrations of Pb in water [0 g L −1 (P1: control); 0.33 g L −1 (P2); 0.66 g L −1 (P3); 1 g L −1 (P4)], as well as to three different pH levels (5.5 (pH1); 6.5 (pH2); 7.5 (pH3)) in clay soil typical of the region. Subsequently, the relationship of these variables with maize growth was determined. The results showed a decrease in leaf growth, height, stem circumference, and root. However, it was also determined that these negative effects can be mitigated by controlling the pH of water in 7.5. Failure to control the combination of these two factors in the cultivation process generally results in an impact on the growth of the maize seedling. In addition, leaf discoloration was also observed in the leaves of maize plants from the concentration of 0.33 g L −1 (P2), which suggests a nutritional anomaly that is toxic to the plant.

Uno de los principales problemas que enfrenta el cultivo de la piña en la zona de Veracruz México,  es el manejo final del rastrojo que resulta de su producción. Dicha condición debe ejecutarse  eficazmente, de lo contrario, puede dar como resultado un daño severo al terreno agrícola y generación de plagas que afectan a las zonas circundantes. De lo anterior surge la necesidad de propuestas  innovadoras que aprovechen  estos desechos y proteger análogamente las condiciones medio ambientales. Los desechos del cultivo de la piña (Ananás comosus) pueden generar forraje verde que puede ser aprovechable en la alimentación de rumiantes. Por otra parte un adecuado pretratamiento y posterior incorporación del material orgánico de la piña al suelo representa  una fuente de nutrientes especial, lo que permite ahorrar la aplicación de fertilizantes. De esta forma se busca diseñar y evaluar dispositivos de transformación del rastrojo de la piña, diseñandoe implementando prototipos tecnificados para la conversión de estos subproductos. Estableciendo de manera simultánea un modelo de negocio que contribuya con el manejo sostenible del residuo. El objetivo principal del proyecto es la  aplicación de  técnicas de instrumentación y automatización que permitan el procesamiento de  los desechos de forma eficiente a fin de obtener productos comercializables para las comunidades de productores de la región. Estos prototipos se evalúan como alternativas de aprovechamiento del rastrojo de la piña, buscando  lograr  modelos de negocio que contribuyan al manejo sostenible del residuo, analogamente se busca  ser una alternativa de desarrollo para las asociaciones de productores de piña de la zona de Veracruz, buscando un impacto social positivo al brindar una propuesta de desarrollo sustentable.-------------------------------------------------------------------------One of the main problems faced by pineapple cultivation in the Veracruz area of Mexico is the final management of the stubble resulting from its production. This condition must be carried out efficiently, otherwise it can result in severe damage to the agricultural land and the generation of pests that affect the surrounding areas. From the above arises the need for innovative proposals that make use of these wastes and similarly protect environmental conditions. Pineapple (Ananás comosus) crop waste can generate green fodder that can be used to feed ruminants (López, 2009). On the other hand, adequate pre-treatment and subsequent incorporation of organic material from pineapple into the soil represents a special source of nutrients, which saves the application of fertilisers. In this way, the aim is to design and evaluate devices for the transformation of pineapple stubble, implementing technified prototypes for the conversion of these by-products. Simultaneously establishing a business model that contributes to the sustainable management of the waste. The main objective of the project is the application of instrumentation and automation techniques that allow the waste to be processed efficiently in order to obtain marketable products for the communities of producers in the region. These prototypes are evaluated as alternatives for the use of pineapple stubble, seeking to achieve business models that contribute to the sustainable management of the waste. Similarly, the aim is to provide a development alternative for pineapple producer associations in the Veracruz area, seeking a positive social impact by offering a proposal for sustainable development.

Para atender las demandas de una sociedad cada vez más joven y digitalizada, más exigente y con mayores expectativas respecto a la calidad de los servicios públicos que debe proveerle el Estado, realizamos una revisión documental en buscadores y repositorios científicos y técnicos, concluyendo que el empleo de Sistemas de Tecnologías de la Información es una estrategia efectiva para identificar áreas de oportunidad para mejorar la gestión del gobierno local. En este contexto, y a partir del estado de la técnica, se identificó la necesidad de información que promueva la gestión pública local «basadas en evidencias», por lo que se presenta como propuesta de modernización y mejora de la gestión pública municipal, un prototipo de sistema de información en línea para evaluar el desempeño de 3 servicios públicos municipales (seguridad pública, alumbrado público, y, calles, parques y jardines) en tiempo real. El prototipo se define como un software de categoría aplicación, desarrollado en plataforma web empleando tecnologías: patrón MVC, lenguajes PHP y JavaScript, framework de hojas de estilo Bootstrap, y estándar para intercambio de datos JSon y HTML5. Su base de conocimiento combina una encuesta para la evaluación de la calidad y un algoritmo para la evaluación de las respuestas y su procesamiento para calcular el promedio por ítem y por servicio público. El enfoque metodológico empleado es el análisis de la calidad esperada y percibida, desde la visión subjetiva del cliente externo, mediante encuestas de satisfacción aplicadas a servicios públicos de tipo asistencial y trámites.

In the present work we show an extra academic activity (EAA) developed through a university innovation project: "Design and construction of a system to evaluate the quality of municipal public services" developed at the Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Alvarado by a group of teachers of Computer Systems and Basic Sciences, with student participation of Engineering in Computer Systems. Our objective is to analyze the contribution of the ProjectBased Learning (PBL) methodology to university education and professional development of teachers. We use the qualitative research method Participatory Action Research (IAP), field experience log and portfolio of evidence for data collection and coding and scales for processing. As a result, we found that the educational experience created meaningful learning, as well as verifiable academic products, and verifiable competencies and professional experience for the mutual benefit of students and teachers. Therefore, we conclude that the ABP is an effective Strategy for Creating Meaningful Learning Experiences in technological higher education, because its results have a positive impact on university education and Professional Development of Teachers. To conclude from this experience we offer recommendations to obtain better results