The regulation of gene expression acts at numerous complementary levels to control and refine protein abundance. The analysis of mRNAs associated with polysomes, called polysome profiling, has been used to investigate the post-transcriptional mechanisms that are involved in different biological processes. Pluripotent stem cells are able to differentiate into a variety of cell lineages, and the cell commitment progression is carefully orchestrated. Genome-wide expression profiling has provided the possibility to investigate transcriptional changes during cardiomyogenesis; however, a more accurate study regarding post-transcriptional regulation is required. In the present work, we isolated and high-throughput sequenced ribosome-free and polysome-bound RNAs from NKX2-5eGFP/w HES3 undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells at the subsequent differentiation stages of cardiomyogenesis: embryoid body aggregation, mesoderm, cardiac progenitor and cardiomyocyte. The expression of developmental markers was followed by flow cytometry, and quality analyses were performed as technical controls to ensure high quality data. Our dataset provides valuable information about hESC cardiac differentiation and can be used to investigate genes potentially controlled by post-transcriptional mechanisms.

These data show for the first time that EOPa has significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions, which do not appear to be related to the opioid system. EOPa also has interesting gastroprotective effects related to the maintenance of protective factors, such as mucus production and GSH. These results support the widespread use of Piper aleyreanum in popular medicine and demonstrate that this plant has therapeutic potential for the development of phytomedicines with antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective properties.

The adipogenic process is characterized by the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers that lead to changes in cell metabolism and to the accumulation of lipid droplets. Moreover, during early adipogenesis, cells undergo a strong downregulation of translational activity with a decrease in cell size, proliferation and migration. In the present study, we identified that after 24 hours of adipogenic induction, human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) undergo a G1-cell cycle arrest consistent with reduced proliferation, and this effect was correlated with a shift in polysome profile with an enrichment of the monosomal fraction and a reduction of the polysomal fraction. Polysome profiling analysis also revealed that this change in the monosomal/polysomal ratio was related to a strong downregulation of cell cycle and proliferation genes, such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Comparing total and polysome-associated mRNA sequencing, we also observed that this downregulation was mostly due to a reduction of cell cycle and proliferation transcripts via control of total mRNA abundance, rather than by translational control.