This paper describes the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique used to characterize the microstructure (especially the morphology and constitution) of the base metal (BM), the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the fusion zone (FZ) on a lean duplex stainless steel (LDX). This technique provides advantages due to its simplicity of use and greater depth of information, thereby increasing the amount of information obtained by traditional characterization techniques such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The use of EBSD together with orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) as a tool to understand phase transformation paths and ferrite-austenite variant selection was discussed. Vickers microhardness measurements were performed and no significance difference between the different zones was found. Orientation distribution function (ODF) results show that there are no significant changes on the crystallographic texture of the samples after welding. The advantages of using SEM together with EBSD for microstructure analyzing and texture development were also discussed.
ResumoAços multiconstituídos têm aplicações voltadas principalmente para o setor automobilístico. Isso porque esses apresentam uma boa combinação de elevada resistência, ductilidade e tenacidade. A elevada resistência desses aços é devida a martensita e aos finos feixes de ferrita bainítica, enquanto que a tenacidade e a ductilidade são atribuídas aos filmes finos de austenita retida presentes entre os feixes. Esses filmes contém uma maior concentração de carbono em relação aos blocos de austenita retida. Uma consequência é que estes se tornam mais estáveis mecanicamente e termicamente. Dessa forma, foi realizada a avaliação do desempenho mecânico de um aço tratado isotermicamente abaixo de Mi e revenidos a 400°C/1 h. Os resultados dos ensaios de impacto mostraram que quanto maior a fração volumétrica da austenita retida maior é a energia absorvida, independente da morfologia desse constituinte. Abstract Multi-phase steels have applications primarily focused on the automobile industry. This is because these have a good combination of high strength, ductility and toughness. The high strength of these steels is due to martensite and thin plates of bainitic ferrite, while the toughness and ductility are attributed to thin films of retained austenite present between the plates. These films contain a higher concentration of carbon compared to blocks of retained austenite. The consequence is that these become more mechanically and thermally stable. Thus, the evaluation of the mechanical performance of a treated steel isothermally below Ms and tempered at 400°C/1 h was performed. The results of the impact tests showed that the higher the volume fraction of retained austenite the greater is absorbed energy, independent of the morphology of this constituent.
ResumoOs aços com um alto teor de Mn (15-30%) e os elementos de liga, Si e Al, apresentam plasticidade excepcional devido à geração de maclas de deformação (efeito TWIP) ou múltiplas transformações martensíticas (efeito TRIP). Este trabalho avaliou a evolução microestrutural, a formação da textura e sua influência sobre o comportamento mecânico de um aço contendo 17%Mn-0,06%C laminado a frio com reduções de 45% e 90%, e recozimentos a 700°C durante tempos diferentes. A microestrutura foi analisada por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, EBSD e difração de raios X. A redução um frio favorece a formação da martensita α'. No aço recozido estão presentes as fases martensita α e ε e austenita. O limite de escoamento e de resistência à tração alcançaram 750 e 950 MPa, respectivamente, com o alongamento total de 45%, confirmando sua alta capacidade de encruamento. A reversão da martensita para austenita ocorre simultaneamente com a recristalização desta. Palavras-chave: Aço alto manganês; Aço TRIP; Aço TWIP; Martensita.
MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION, TEXTURE AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF TRIP STEEL 17Mn TWIP-0.06c AFTER HOT ROLLING, ANNEALING AND COLD AbstractSteels containing high contents of Mn, Si and Al have great plasticity when deformed due to TWIP or TRIP effects. This work evaluated the microstructural evolution, texture formation and its influence on the mechanical behavior of a steel containing 17%Mn and 0.06%C after cold rolling to 45% and 90% of reduction, and annealing at 700°C for different times. The microstructures were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Volume fraction of the phases , and ' martensites were measured by X-ray diffraction and EBSD technique. It was found that cold reduction increases the ' martensite volume fraction. The relative phase amounts showed that the sample annealed for the longest time, 1000 s, still presents and ' martensite. The yield and tensile strength for annealing condition reach values close to 750 and 950 MPa, respectively, with total elongation of 45%, confirm the high work hardening rate of the analyzed steel.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.