In many developing countries, the informal recycling sector is responsible for reducing the amount of waste in landfills and supplying the needs of recycling industries. In the context of municipal solid waste (MSW) management, considering that developing countries aim to implement circular economy (CE) actions, it is essential to ensure the inclusion of waste pickers (catadores) in an adapted CE structure. This study analyzes the integration of recycling cooperatives in the formal management of municipal solid waste with recyclable potential (MSWRP) of a medium-sized municipality in Brazil, with the objective of ascertaining the contributions of cooperatives in an adapted CE structure and, at the same time, identifying a cooperative that can be used as a benchmarking option for other cooperatives, especially in relation to their organizational and operational practices. The results indicate that from this integration, cooperatives have legal responsibility in the management of MSWRP, resulting in the professionalization of its members and increasing their productivity. The results also revealed that the implementation of the CE in developing countries is, in a sense, conditioned to the performance of the informal sector in the recycling chain and, in addition, that the inclusion of cooperatives in the formal sector of MSWRP management can improve the rates of a municipality.

The objective of this study is to identify the main Green Technology practices carried out in the countries Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), through a systematic review without temporal delimitation. BRICS countries were chosen due to the high potential for impact on the environment, as well as the possibility of increasing the theoretical subsidy in discussions related to sustainable practices in these countries. The Methodi Ordinatio methodology was used to select and map the portfolio of relevant articles in the area, which allowed the identification of the main Green Technology practices used in the BRICS countries. The final portfolio was composed of 170 studies. The main Green Technology practices used in the BRICS are related to products, processes, and raw materials; a sustainable agriculture; water treatment and retention; waste management; green energy and energy reduction; carbon and biogas reduction; green buildings; and sustainability and ecocities policies. A greater number of researches on Green Technology and its practices took place in the countries of China and India, which can be explained due to its more sustainable development, greater number of sustainable actions, and growing interest by the country’s local academy. Brazil, Russia, and South Africa did not excel in Green Technology practices. The study provided an overview of the practices used in these countries and that can contribute to guidance for companies that are concerned with sustainability. It is worth mentioning that the political interest in this topic was identified, because there are political actions that encourage Green Technology practices.

Chromium-doped -Al 2 O 3 powder was synthesized by a modified sol-gel method using poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solutions and metal nitrate precursors. The synthesis process is simple, is of low cost and produced final crystals with cubic shape as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the samples verified by scanning electron microscopy showed slabs with thickness below 1 μm , formed by interconnected long grains of typical thickness of around 200 nm , showing growth of the grains as followed by thermogravimetric analysis. Luminescence characteristics of Cr 3+ were detected and analyzed as a function of the concentration of chromium using photoacoustic and photoluminescence spectroscopies.

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As especiarias fazem parte da história por serem utilizadas desde o período de a.C. como remédios e fabricação de perfumes. Junto com o surgimento das comunidades e povos, bem como a criação do hábito de sentar-se à mesa para compartilhar os alimentos entre famílias, a gastronomia foi desenvolvendo sua principal característica; adaptar-se de acordo com os hábitos e culturas de cada povo e região, sofrendo adaptações culturais na forma de preparo dos alimentos, transmitindo dessa forma, através das gerações, receitas e temperos tradicionais. No início do século XIV, as especiarias passaram a ser de grande importância tendo uma contribuição significativa no comércio internacional, gerando concorrência entre as grandes potências marítimas que disputavam seu monopólio para a venda gerando riquezas para seus países. As especiarias então, estão relacionadas com a cultura de cada povo, região e o desenvolvimento e avanço de diversos continentes, possibilitando a relação comercial entre países. Sabendo que as especiarias, são muito utilizadas na gastronomia, a questão motivadora desse estudo é: Qual a importância das especiarias na gastronomia, considerando desde os tempos primórdios aos dias atuais? Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo é apresentar a história e a importância das especiarias na gastronomia.