Honey has a long history of use for the treatment of digestive ailments. Certain honey types have well-established bioactive properties including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, honey contains non-digestible carbohydrates in the form of oligosaccharides, and there is increasing evidence from in vitro, animal, and pilot human studies that some kinds of honey have prebiotic activity. Prebiotics are foods or compounds, such as non-digestible carbohydrates, that are used to promote specific, favorable changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human health and well-being, with disturbances to the balance of these organisms linked to gut inflammation and the development and progression of numerous conditions, such as colon cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and mental health issues. Consequently, there is increasing interest in manipulating the gut microbiota to a more favorable balance as a way of improving health by dietary means. Current research suggests that certain kinds of honey can reduce the presence of infection-causing bacteria in the gut including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Clostridiodes difficile, while simultaneously stimulating the growth of potentially beneficial species, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. In this paper, we review the current and growing evidence that shows the prebiotic potential of honey to promote healthy gut function, regulate the microbial communities in the gut, and reduce infection and inflammation. We outline gaps in knowledge and explore the potential of honey as a viable option to promote or re-engineer a healthy gut microbiome.

Taxane-based chemotherapy regimens are in widespread use as standard of care treatment for patients with early breast cancer, though rarely its use can be complicated by taxane-induced pneumonitis (TIP). While breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, TIP remains under-described in this setting. Key questions relate to its incidence, diagnosis and management, potential predictive biomarkers, and the balance between this life-threatening toxicity and curatively intended treatment. At a single Australian institution, 6 cases of TIP are identified among 132 patients treated with a paclitaxel-containing regimen for early breast cancer (4.55%, 95% confidence interval 1.69-9.63%). This review first outlines the presentation, management, and outcomes for these cases, then answers these questions and proposes an approach to suspected TIP in patients with breast cancer.

While a stable clinical picture was the most common outcome in stage I/LD presentations, progression to stage ≥ II TTTS occurred in 36 and 17% respectively, indicating that LD is not a benign finding. Rapid progression in the majority of progressive cases and modest overall survival rates support close surveillance of these pregnancies and investigation of laser therapy as a first-line treatment of stage I TTTS. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that affects both free-ranging and farmed cervid species, including mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk ( Odocoileus hemionus, Odocoileus virginianus , and Cervus canadensis ). Due to the long incubation period and variability of clinical signs, CWD can expand and spread to new areas before they reach diagnostically detectable levels. Antemortem testing methods currently available can be difficult to obtain and to be applied to the large numbers required for adequate surveillance. However, key volatile biomarkers could be harnessed for non-invasive antemortem surveillance. Detection dogs are the most effective tool currently available for volatile detection; dogs can effectively complete wildlife surveys at rates surpassing that of humans. This study is the first to demonstrate that trained detection dogs can be used as an antemortem test for CWD. First, we trained three dogs to differentiate between CWD-positive and CWD-negative white-tailed deer faeces in a laboratory setting. Dogs spent significantly more time at the positive sample than the negative samples, suggesting that they differentiated between the positive and negative volatile signatures. We then trained the same dogs to search for CWD-positive faecal samples in a more naturalistic field setting. In the field, dogs found 8/11 CWD-positive samples and had an average false detection rate of 13%. These results suggest that dogs can be trained to differentiate CWD-positive faeces from CWD-negative faeces in both laboratory and field settings. Future studies will compare canine accuracy to other antemortem methods, as well as improved canine training methods.

Electronic poster abstractsConclusions: Perinatal results of complicated DCT did not show differences according to surgical procedure performed. However, we acknowledge that the small simple size could prevent to find differences in our study. Therefore, further studies and multicenter are needed to evaluate risks and efficacy of these therapies in DCT. King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia Objectives: The New South Wales Fetal Therapy Center (NSW FTC) has performed selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels (SLPCV) for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) since July 2003. Our objectives were to audit the immediate pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of SLPCV for TTTS at our tertiary referral center. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Outcome data for 147 TTTS cases that underwent SLPCV between July 2003 and May 2013 was reviewed. The outcomes measured included procedural details, delivery details and perinatal outcomes. Results: Median gestation at diagnosis was 20.3 weeks (IQR 18.6-22.0) and at SLPCV 20.4 weeks (IQR 19.1-22.4). 93.2% SLPCV cases were stage II-III and SLPCV was technically possible in 98.7%. For the 122 pregnancies for whom neonatal outcome data was available, dual survival to birth was 58.2% and survival of at least one baby was 89.3%. Survival of at least one twin to discharge was 84.9%. Median gestational age at delivery was 32 weeks . Median weight of liveborn babies was 1764g (IQR 1300g-2202g), with prematurity and RDS the most common neonatal complications. Most common immediate SLPCV complications were in-utero fetal demise within 1 week of the procedure and preterm premature rupture of membranes, which occurred in 19.6% and 11.6% of cases respectively. TTTS recurrence (1.3%) and TAPS (2.2%) were both uncommon. Conclusions: SLPCV remains the optimal treatment for stages II-IV TTTS prior to 26 weeks gestation. The outcomes of SLPCV at the NSW FTC compare favourably with international published literature, and have remained constant since our previous publication. The outcomes have remained stable following an initial learning curve, supporting the concentration of specialist skills within tertiary referral centers. P20.15 P20.16Congenital diaphragmatic hernia survival prediction in Chile Objectives: The predictive capacity has been questioned and it needed to be proven in different geographic setting, with different population and care. The objective was to evaluate lung volume with O/E LHR in Chile, double check with Leuven and report survival. Methods: Prospective evaluation of all CDH cases, since 2009 to date. All measures were obtained in Clinica Alemana (MY) and checked by the medical team from Leuven, in order to assured the image quality, and therefore, validate the method. Results: 39 pregnancies with CDH were evaluated, with 5 lost of follow-up and 2 with ongoing pregnancies. From 32 that were subject of analysis, there were 27 left and 5 right CDH. All evaluations were done between 24 and 32 weeks ...