Objetivo: Investigar na literatura científica as publicações relacionadas à temática das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PICS) associadas à Fonoaudiologia, por intermédio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada em seis bases de dados, nos quais se fez uma leitura e análise crítica dos estudos publicados entre 2014 e 2019, utilizando-se a combinação dos descritores “Terapias Complementares’’, “Medicina Integrativa’’, “Saúde Holística’’, “Fonoaudiologia’’, “Audiologia’’, “Sistema Estomatognático’’, “Transtornos da Deglutição’’, “Linguagem’’ e “Voz’’, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Critérios de seleção: artigos compreendidos no período de 2014 a 2019, cuja coleta de dados fora realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes, ao analisar descritores, títulos, resumos e posteriormente artigos na íntegra. Resultados: Elegeu-se 14 publicações para compor esta revisão, divididas nas categorias: idade, local, principais patologias, PICS mais utilizadas, tipos de estudo e ano de publicação. Observou-se predomínio de estudos de intervenção, realizados em hospitais, com ênfase na população adulta e idosa, sendo a acupuntura a PIC mais utilizada em pacientes disfágicos e afásicos pós Acidente Vascular Encefálico. Conclusão: As PICS são aplicadas na reabilitação de pacientes com alterações neurológicas, miofuncionais e auditivas. Os ganhos ponderados não abrangem apenas a funcionalidade, como também, a qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos às terapias alternativas.
The aging process is accompanied by demands and adaptations of the body to improve the quality of life, including the maintenance of the individual’s diet. Eating difficulties can be minimized in the face of health promotion actions linked to popular knowledge. The objective to know the perception of the elderly about swallowing in the aging process and to verify the presence of myths and truths that pervade this topic. Qualitative research of the type of participatory action research, articulated with the Research Itinerary of Paulo Freire. It was carried out in four Culture Circles, with eight elderly participants, between the months of October and December 2018, and the stages of thematic research, coding and decoding were carried out simultaneously with the critical unveiling, such as the methodology Freireana foresees the analytical process. The thematic investigation revealed 32 generating themes that culminated in three significant themes, namely: (a) Myths and truths related to choking, (b) Understanding and perception of swallowing difficulties, and (c). Swallowing Care, Discussed Across Cultural Circles. The elders participated actively, speaking about their beliefs regarding swallowing and the factors that can lead to choking, as well as the methods used by them to unblock themselves. It was possible to notice that the elderly has beliefs that were transmitted to them culturally and that they use them in a natural and adaptive way to compensate for their difficulties. The participants demonstrated understanding of the intrinsic aspects that influence the act of swallowing, as well as the importance of a coordinated and conscious action, so that the consequences derived from presbyophagia do not develop over time.
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