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A general equation is constructed for the magneto-optical spectra of the forward-scattered light observed through an analyzer when an absorption cell in a homogeneous magnetic field is illuminated by a linearly polarized laser beam at an arbitrary angle to the field direction. The Faraday effect and the Voigt effect are deduced as special solutions of this general equation. For the case of Voigt geometry,~polarized light whose plane of polarization is parallel to the applied magnetic field gives a simple absorption profile. cr-polarized light oscillating perpendicularly to the static magnetic field contains an interference term between right and left circularly polarized light as well as absorption terms. For these eigenwaves (m. , o. ) for the Voigt effect, the spectral shapes are independent of the angle of the analyzer, only their intensity is modified by the angle. For the general case, experimental results for cesium vapor and theoretical spectra show good agreement.PACS number(s): 32.60.+i, 32.70.Jz, 32.30.r, 32.70.n

The time evolution for the populations of the ground state hyperfine Zeeman levels of caesium atoms are analysed for the case where a caesium beam is optically pumped, under different conditions of polarisation, either with a weak monochromatic laser light or with the resonance light from a spectral lamp filtered by a caesium cell. The optical detection of the 0-0 'clock' transition in the atomic beam is also discussed for applications to frequency standards.

Magneto-optical spectra were observed for the dilute gas phase of the Cs metal. The non-linear Faraday effect was investigated with a frequency tunable laser diode of weak intensity. Theoretical spectral profiles were obtained via optical coherence derived from the density matrix formalism. As a result of the analysis, it was ascertained that the coherent Larmor precession of atoms induces a broadening and a phase shift in the optical coherence in opposite directions for sigma + and for sigma - light. This effect originates from off-diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian.

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