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Foreign aid and remittances augment the income of economies. The present study examines the relationship between economic growth, poverty, inequality, remittances, and foreign aid in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries using panel data methods from 1991 to 2019. The study focuses on the MENA region due to the rise in labor immigration and significant foreign aid. The empirical findings reveal that remittances, foreign aid, and economic growth play a significant role in bringing down the MENA region’s poverty levels. Besides, a rise in income share accruing to the lowest quintile is observed despite the negative income growth, which indicates that on average, the income increased more rapidly of the poor in comparison to the non-poor households. Thus, the study finds evidence supporting the hypothesis that remittances and foreign aid augment per capita income and income share in the MENA member countries.

There is growing evidence that dietary fat may linked to risk of a number of chronic disorders, such as coronary heart disease or type 2 diabetes. Due to increasing consumer awareness to healthy and risk of saturated fat, food manufacturers are switching on novel technologies. One of novel technology is organogelation/oleogelation i.e. structuring of edible oils. The unique physical, functional, and nutritional properties of edible oil organogels has caught the eye of the food and pharmaceutical industries. These organogels are formed upon self assembly of surfactant-like small molecules into crystalline fibers at very low concentrations (wt 2%), which could be exploited for a variety of purposes in food products, from the manufacture of spreads to the solubilization, stabilization and delivery of lipid-soluble nutraceuticals. The use of oleo gels in the food industry is still in its infancy, but the potential is significant. This paper reviews about the traditional and current strategies of structuring oleo gels, types of gelators used in structuring and food applications.

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