Personal health records (PHRs) are private and vital assets for every patient. There have been introduced many works on various aspects of managing and organizing the PHR so far. However, there is an uncertain remaining issue for the role of PHR in emergencies. In a traditional emergency access system, the patient cannot give consent to emergency staff for accessing his/her PHR. Moreover, there is no secured record management of patient's PHR, which reveals highly confidential personal information, such as what happened, when, and who has access to such information. This paper proposes an emergency access control management system (EACMS) based on permissioned blockchain hyperledger fabric and hyperledger composer. In the proposed system, we defined some rules using the smart contracts for emergency condition and time duration for the emergency access PHR data items that patient can assign some limitations for controlling the PHR permissions. We analyzed the performance of our proposed framework by implementing it through the hyperledger composer based on the response time, privacy, security, and accessibility. The experiments confirm that our framework provides better efficiency compared with the traditional emergency access system.

Nowadays, wireless body area networks (WBANs) systems have adopted cloud computing (CC) technology to overcome limitations such as power, storage, scalability, management, and computing. This amalgamation of WBANs systems and CC technology, as sensor-cloud infrastructure (S-CI), is aiding the healthcare domain through real-time monitoring of patients and the early diagnosis of diseases. Hence, the distributed environment of S-CI presents new threats to patient data privacy and security. In this paper, we review the techniques for patient data privacy and security in S-CI. Existing techniques are classified as multibiometric key generation, pairwise key establishment, hash function, attribute-based encryption, chaotic maps, hybrid encryption, Number Theory Research Unit, Tri-Mode Algorithm, Dynamic Probability Packet Marking, and Priority-Based Data Forwarding techniques, according to their application areas. Their pros and cons are presented in chronological order. We also provide our six-step generic framework for patient physiological parameters (PPPs) privacy and security in S-CI: (1) selecting the preliminaries; (2) selecting the system entities; (3) selecting the technique; (4) accessing PPPs; (5) analysing the security; and (6) estimating performance. Meanwhile, we identify and discuss PPPs utilized as datasets and provide the performance evolution of this research area. Finally, we conclude with the open challenges and future directions for this flourishing research area.

The purpose of this study is to overcome coordination flaws and enhance end-to-end security in the drug distribution market (DDM). One of the major issues in drug market coordination management is the absence of a centralized monitoring system to provide adequate market control and offer real-time prices, availability, and authentication data. Further, tampering is another serious issue affecting the DDM, and as a consequence, there is a significant global market for counterfeit drugs. This vast counterfeit drug business presents a security risk to the distribution system. This study presents a blockchain-based solution to challenges such as coordination failure, secure drug delivery, and pharmaceutical authenticity. To optimize the drug distribution process (DDP), a framework for drug distribution is presented. The proposed framework is evaluated using mathematical modeling and a real-life case study. According to our results, the proposed technique helps to maintain market equilibrium by guaranteeing that there is adequate demand while maintaining supply. Using the suggested framework, massive data created by the medication supply chain would be appropriately handled, allowing market forces to be better regulated and no manufactured shortages to inflate medicine prices. The proposed framework calls for the Drug Regulatory Authority (DRA) to authenticate users on blockchain and to monitor end-to-end DDP. Using the proposed framework, big data generated through drug supply chain will be properly managed; thus, market forces will be better controlled, and no artificial shortages will be generated to raise drug costs.

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