deposition method (SPD) for different substrate temperatures (200, 250, 300, and 350 °C). In this study, we investigated the effect of the variation in substrate temperature on the crystal structure and optical properties of CaZnO3 thin films using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an X-ray spectrum, and a UV spectrum. The absorbance and transmittance of the prepared films with wave length show a clear variation with substrate temperature. The band gap varied from 2.65 eV to 2.8 eV. The SEM images show that the grain size increases with substrate temperature, and this agrees with the grain size calculated from the X-ray spectrum. The grain size was within the range of 16.39–184.34 nm.

A scanning electron microscope, X-ray spectrum, and UV spectrometer have been used in the examination of CaZnO3 perovskite thin films. Chemical Spry Pyrolysis (CSPD) technique was used in the preparation of the films from a mixture including different concentrations of KOH and a constant substrate temperature. The effect of KOH concentration was clear on the film’s transmittance, absorbance, and energy gap. The energy gap varied from 2.75 eV with 0.6 gm of KOH, up to 2.95 eV for 1.2 concentration, and finally, the energy gap became 3.1eV with 1.8 gm of KOH. In addition, the average grain size also decreased with KOH concentration, from 116 nm to 92 nm.

This work investigates the using thermal spray coating by Flame as a method to produce high performance cerment coating. In this study , an alumina was added to the self bounding of Ni- Al .This cerment composite materials sprayed through aflame towards a graphite substrate . The aim of the work is to see the effective of laser treatment on the microstructural of the coating layers . The results show that coating consists of different morphology zones surface defects and pores . The laser analysis predicts that remelted all surface particles with a significant high surface tension , producing strongly hardness with improvement in the structurel and mechanical properties.

The composite coating is used to protect carbon steel pipeline from corrosion by Surfacemodification using thermal spraying technique to enhance the corrosion resistance of carbonsteel. In this study the influence of sour hydrocarbon on carbon steel was investigated onsamples taken from Alloys with (API 5L) that used for oil transport pipe lines in North OilCompany in Kirkuk fields and specifically from well (No. K-130) which the oil sample wasbrought as well. The cermets coating (Ni-Al /ZrO2-8Y2O3) were prepared in different mixingratios of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) with Ni-Al as a self-bonding. Several mixing ratios ofthe binder (Ni-Al) were used to prepare the cermets for thermal spraying coating namely 15%and 50%. In order to study the effect of roughness on the binding of the cermets and hence thecorrosion behavior of the carbon steel another specimen was mechanically abraded to a surfacefinish 800 grit by SiC paper and the cermets mixing ratio (50% YSZ+ 50% Ni-Al) .The thermalspraying gun was located in an angle of 90º in front of the carbon steel specimen and the distancebetween them was 16 cm. The corrosion behavior of the modified surface in comparison withuntreated one was investigated by electrochemical techniques. Two electrochemical techniques(DC and AC techniques) were used. The AC technique was potentiodynamic cyclic polarizationusing Solatron 1287, USA) potentiostat/galvanostate. The EIS measurements for all coatedspecimens show enhancement in the impedance parameters (total impedance |Z|, polarizationresistance (Rp) and the capacitance (C)) comparing to the uncoated one. The cermets thermallysprayed coating show improvement in the corrosion parameters.

In the current article aims to study the effect of Nano construction on the physical and mechanical properties of nickel, samples were made from samples of nickel-based metal and supported with nano titanium oxide, with volumetric ratios of (0,5,10,15,20) %, where the matrix and the reinforcement were ground using a homemade microwave mill with milling times of (3, 6, 9) hours. After that the required weights were prepared and the powders were pressed at (100 bar) and for a time of one minute only. Then the samples resulting from pressing were thermally treated by means of oven and at 1200°C for a time of two hours, physical tests were carried out that included green density and bulk, true porosity, and mechanical properties are hardness, wear rate. The physical and mechanical tests gave the best results after sintering and at a milling time of 9 hours and reinforcement from (0-20) % where the green density decreased from (7.01-5.20) g/cm3, and the bulk density after sintering decreased from (8.43-7.20) g/cm3, porosity increased from (15.43-8.8)%. The mechanical properties increased the hardness from (99-240) Kg/mm2, while the wear rate decreased from (4.03×10-7-6.59×10-8) g/cm. All these results indicate an improvement in nickel metal with an increase in the Nano composition ratio.