deposition method (SPD) for different substrate temperatures (200, 250, 300, and 350 °C). In this study, we investigated the effect of the variation in substrate temperature on the crystal structure and optical properties of CaZnO3 thin films using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an X-ray spectrum, and a UV spectrum. The absorbance and transmittance of the prepared films with wave length show a clear variation with substrate temperature. The band gap varied from 2.65 eV to 2.8 eV. The SEM images show that the grain size increases with substrate temperature, and this agrees with the grain size calculated from the X-ray spectrum. The grain size was within the range of 16.39–184.34 nm.

A scanning electron microscope, X-ray spectrum, and UV spectrometer have been used in the examination of CaZnO3 perovskite thin films. Chemical Spry Pyrolysis (CSPD) technique was used in the preparation of the films from a mixture including different concentrations of KOH and a constant substrate temperature. The effect of KOH concentration was clear on the film’s transmittance, absorbance, and energy gap. The energy gap varied from 2.75 eV with 0.6 gm of KOH, up to 2.95 eV for 1.2 concentration, and finally, the energy gap became 3.1eV with 1.8 gm of KOH. In addition, the average grain size also decreased with KOH concentration, from 116 nm to 92 nm.