No abstract

The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of Holstein cows of different breeds in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Pre-Urals. Due to the lack of highly productive dairy cattle, Holstein cows are imported to Russia from different countries. Imported animals have different adaptability, productivity, terms of economic use, and prof-itability. For the first time on the stud farm «Alekseevsky» state owned located in Ufa district Republic of Bashkorto-stan a comparative evaluation of body conformation, lactation yield and physical and chemical indicators of Hol-stein milk of different selections in terms of adaptive technology. Cows of Hungarian selection have a stronger con-formation, proportion, length, well-developed body, as evidenced by boniness and lengthiness. Hungarian cows dominate over German and Finnish cows in body weight by 11.2 and 22.5 kg (P<0.05). These features led to the superiority of animals of Hungarian origin in milk productivity with the same adaptive technology of keeping and feeding. During the third lactation, milk yield of Hungarian origin was 736.6 kg (P<0.05) more than that of German-bred, and 766.7 kg than that of Finnish cows. Hungarian average milk yield of Hungarian breed for three lactation periods was bigger 521.5 kg (P<0.05) and 625.1 kg (P<0.05), respectively. German breed had the highest fat con-tent (3.3%), and Hungarian cows the highest protein content (3.3%). There were no significant differences between the animals of the studied groups in terms of productive longevity (3.26-3.38 lactations). Cows of Hungarian origin for all the time of use had basic fat content and protein more by 5.5 and 6.0%, compared with their herdmate, which increases revenue by 9.9 and 10.8 thousand rubles more than from cows of German and Finnish selection.

The purpose of the study is improving the efficiency of breeding work in selection of cows by live weight, body measurements with mandatory consideration of animal condition score. The degree and nature of relationship be-tween live weight and body measurements of beef cows with condition score, regression coefficient were calculat-ed. The research was carried out on beef Hereford and Kazakh white-headed cows. A high positive relationship between live weight, body measurements and the condition score of cows was established. The regression coeffi-cient showed that change in finish by 1 point increases the live weight of Hereford cows of the first group by 46.3 kg, the second – by 44.2 kg, and the third – by 42.1 kg. The cows of the second group have the largest bulk, they signif-icantly exceeded the Hereford and Kazakh white-headed cows of the first and third groups by this indicator. The difference was 51.2 and 45.9 kg, respectively, the coefficients of variability – varied between 4.1 to 9.2%. Hereford Cows of the second group were superior in heart girth (with a difference of 4 cm) to cows of the first group and 10.6 cm to cows of the third group. The coefficients of variability ranged within 12.9 to 27.0 %. In terms to heart girth (by 1.05 and 0.95 cm) and chest depth (by 8.9 and 2.9 cm), the cows of the second group were superior to the cows of the first and the third groups, respectively (the difference is not reliable). The variation coefficients ranged within 10.3 to 15.7% for heart girth and from 13.0 to 16.7% for chest depth.

The purpose of the research is to increase the economic efficiency of beef production by the system of cow – calf by adjusting the feeding taking into account the point assessment of fatness of meat cows. For the effective production of beef is not enough to have highly productive animals and high quality feed. It is necessary to organize their rational use of feed. In technological groups animals have different live weight, and norms of feeding of meat cattle are calculated, generally, depending on live weight of animals. This is the wrong approach, because in the group (in the herd) animals can have the same living mass and have different energy requirements depending on the state of fatness. Adjusting the level of feeding depending on the fatness of animals will save expensive feed, as in the structure of the cost of beef a large share of the cost falls on feed (about 60%). In the course of the research, a high positive relationship between the live mass and the point assessment of the cows fatness (r=0.93 for Hereford and r= 0.95 for the Kazakh white-headed breed) was established, which allowed to determine the regression coefficients between the features. It is found that increasing body condition by 1 point increases the live weight of Hereford cattle 40.4 kg and in cows of Kazakh white-headed breed of 48.1 kg. This allowed us to determine the required changes in the feeding level for 90-100 days prior to calving to increase for cows with a body condition score of 1 by 3.02; 2 points – 2.67 to 3.02; 3 points on 1.70-2.55; 4 points at 1.32-1.70; 5-6 points to 0.85-0.91 EKE, for cows with a body condition score of 8 to reduce the level of feeding of 0.47-0.85 and EKE with fatness 9 points lower on 0,85-1,70 ECE. Thus, studies show that the organization of feeding depending on the condition, is a necessary tool for achieving economic efficiency of beef production on the system cow-calf.