The epidemiology of Cholelithiasis or gall stone has been debated for many years, efforts has been made to know the patho-physiological basis of gall stone formation. Gall stones are associated with abnormalities in relative concentrations of major biliary lipids like cholesterol and phospholipids, hence the aim of this study is to determine the correlation between serum cholesterol and gall stone formation. This was an observational study in which 78 patients were included who were diagnosed as cholelithiasis or choledocolithiasis. These patients were of low and middle socio economic groups and diagnosis was based on USG report. Blood samples of diagnosed patients were collected for cholesterol analysis. The results were surprising showing 93.6% patients of gall stones in the group having serum cholesterol concentration in normal range. So we concluded a negative correlation between serum cholesterol and gall stone formation.

Gall stone disease is very common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. The prevalence varies with age, sex and ethnic group. The incidence ranging from 10% to 20% of the world population. Prevalence increases with age from 21 years to 80 years and is higher in females than in male's .In India, it is seven times more common in the north than in the south. Epidemiologic investigations have found and clinical studies have confirmed, that at all ages, women are twice as likely as men to form gallstones. The difference between women and men begins during puberty and continues through the child bearing years because of the effects of female sex hormones. Increasing parity is probably a risk factor for gallstones, especially in younger women. This risk seems to apply to both the number and age of pregnancies. The present study was undertaken to find out the possible association of cholelithiasis with parity. In this study 66 female patients were included who were diagnosed as cholelithiasis or choledocholithiasis. A detailed history regarding parity was taken from each diagnosed case. In the study correlation between gall stone disease and multi parity was observed to be significant. Those who conceived 4-6 times having the maximum incidence of 42.4%. But when the number of conceptions further increases this association shows less significant results

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. SBH has good antihyperglycemic potential and has traditionally been used as an alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM). Since the role of SBH in glucose control is still unclear in animal and human studies, the present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of SBH in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were equally divided into five groups, the first group being a normal (non-diabetic) rat and the other four groups being diabetic. The normal and untreated diabetic groups received normal saline while the other diabetic groups were treated with SBH (2 g/kg body weight), metformin (MET /250 mg/kg body weight) and SBH + MET respectively. The treatment was given within 12 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured at baseline and every two weeks thereafter. On days 7 and 12, SBH significantly lowered FBG, comparable to the normal group (p<0.05). In the group treated with MET and the combination of SBH-MET, FBG improved only on the 12th day of treatment (p<0.05). The results show that a single SBH treatment is effective in lowering blood glucose levels. Thus, SBH could be of great value in the treatment of diabetes in humans.