The ability to anchor cells in predefined patterns on a surface has become very important for the development of cellbased sensors, tissue-engineering applications, and the understanding of basic cell functions. Currently, the most widely used technique to generate micrometer or sub-micrometer-sized patterns for various biological applications is microcontact printing (µCP). However, the fidelity of the final pattern may be compromised by deformation of the PDMS stamps used during printing. A novel technique for accurately patterning and positioning biological cells is presented, which can overcome this obstacle. We have fabricated a chip on a silicon wafer using standard photolithographic and deposition processes consisting of gold patterns on top of PECVD silicon dioxide. A hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) derived from 1-hexadecanethiol (HDT) was coated on the gold surface to prevent cell growth, and a hydrophilic SAM derived from (3-trimethoxysilyl propyl)-diethylenetriamine (DETA) was coated on the exposed PECVD silicon dioxide surface to promote cell growth. Immortalized mouse hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7) were cultured in vitro on the chip, and patterned cells were fluorescently stained and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. By our method, hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions can be reliably generated and easily visualized under a microscope prior to cell culturing. Cell growth was precisely controlled and limited to specific areas. The achieved resolution was 2 microns, and it could be improved with high resolution photolithographic methods.

Tribulus terrestris referred to as Khar-e-khasak in Unani Medicine and Gokshura, Gokharu in Ayurveda, or puncture vine in English, has long been utilized in Unani, Indian and Chinese medical systems to cure a variety of illnesses. Its many portions include a range of chemical components that are crucial for medicine, including alkaloids, steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and flavonol glycosides. It has a variety of beneficial effects on the body, including diuretic (Mudirr-e-Baul), Aphrodisiac (Muqavi-e-Baah), Antiurolithic (Mufattit & Mukhrij-e-Hasat), Immune modulatory, Antidiabetic, Hypolipidaemic, Cardio tonic (Muqavi-e-Qalb), Anti-inflammatory (Mohallil-e-Waram), Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Antibacterial, and Anthelmintic properties. Extensive study has been conducted in the last few decades to demonstrate its biological activities and the pharmacology of its extracts. The purpose of this review is to provide a database for future research in Unani Medicine on the plant's revealed phytochemical and pharmacological qualities.

A Gall is an abnormal growth of plant tissue produced by animal agency acting from within. 1 . Any organ of the plant may become the seat of this hyperplasia, but the form which the gall ultimately assumes is governed by the potentialities of growth in the part attacked, and by the nature of the animal excitation present. Oak galls (Mazu) is an out growths formed on the young twigs of the dyer's oak, Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae), as a result of the deposition of the eggs of the gall-wasp, this is used for medicinal purposes before escape of insects in dried form as described by classical Unani literature. Keeping in view of the medicinal properties described in ancient Unani scholars and scientific research on various medicinal properties of oak galls (Mazu), this paper an attempt to correlate the properties of Mazu with latest scientific research.

The epidemiology of Cholelithiasis or gall stone has been debated for many years, efforts has been made to know the patho-physiological basis of gall stone formation. Gall stones are associated with abnormalities in relative concentrations of major biliary lipids like cholesterol and phospholipids, hence the aim of this study is to determine the correlation between serum cholesterol and gall stone formation. This was an observational study in which 78 patients were included who were diagnosed as cholelithiasis or choledocolithiasis. These patients were of low and middle socio economic groups and diagnosis was based on USG report. Blood samples of diagnosed patients were collected for cholesterol analysis. The results were surprising showing 93.6% patients of gall stones in the group having serum cholesterol concentration in normal range. So we concluded a negative correlation between serum cholesterol and gall stone formation.

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