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Green hydrogen is considered to be one of the best candidates for fossil fuels in the near future. Bio-hydrogen production from the dark fermentation of organic materials, including organic wastes, is one of the most cost-effective and promising methods for hydrogen production. One of the main challenges posed by this method is the low production rate. Therefore, optimizing the operating parameters, such as the initial pH value, operating temperature, N/C ratio, and organic concentration (xylose), plays a significant role in determining the hydrogen production rate. The experimental optimization of such parameters is complex, expensive, and lengthy. The present research used an experimental data asset, adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) modeling, and particle swarm optimization to model and optimize hydrogen production. The coupling between ANFIS and PSO demonstrated a robust effect, which was evident through the improvement in the hydrogen production based on the four input parameters. The results were compared with the experimental and RSM optimization models. The proposed method demonstrated an increase in the biohydrogen production of 100 mL/L compared to the experimental results and a 200 mL/L increase compared to the results obtained using ANOVA.

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This research paper presents a theoretical study on the effect of the blending of petro-diesel with locally made biodiesel on the engine's performance and emissions from a statistical point of view. The main purpose of this study is to study how the engine performance changes with the blending of biodiesel with ordinary diesel from the performance as well as the most influential factors point of view using statistical methods. The study was conducted at a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, engine speed range from 1000 to 3000 rpm and with diesel-biodiesel fuel blends of 0% (pure diesel), 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% (pure biodiesel). The parameters studied were brake torque, specific fuel consumption, and fuel mass flow rate, oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter. The results show that engine brake torque increases with the addition of biodiesel up to 5% BD with a 0.5% improvement at low speed and up to 2.5% at higher speeds. The same trend is for specific fuel consumption with 0.2% and 2.0% at lower and higher speeds, respectively. From the emissions' point of view, oxides of nitrogen increased from 12.5% at 5% BD to more than 200% at 100% BD; PM emissions were reduced with the addition of biodiesel while those for CO2 were increased. DOE analysis showed that biodiesel percentage has the most significant influence on the engine performance and emissions compared with engine speed except for the brake torque.

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