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A simulation study on the effect of hydrogen and ethanol addition as supplementary fuel for gasoline engine at lean mixture (equivalence ratio ϕ = 0.8) was carried out to reduce the gasoline share in the mixture, thus reducing the fuel consumption and harmful emissions. The effect of supplementary fuels on engine performance, emissions, and availability was investigated. This was done by changing the ratio between gasoline and the supplementary fuels in the fuel mixture to achieve the required equivalence ratio. The first part of the simulation consisting of the performance and emissions calculated using the first law, was conducted for all engine speeds. The second part consisting of an availability analysis was conducted at the rated speed of 2750 rpm. The simulation study was conducted using the data obtained from measurements of Ricardo E6/T engine parameters (variable compression ratio engine). The data was also used to verify the models. The study shows that the hydrogen addition reduced the carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO 2) share at the lean mixture. The hydrogen addition significantly improved the heat release rate compared with pure gasoline; however, the heat released was close to the top dead center due to its fast burning speed. The ethanol addition improved the first law performance of the engine, e.g., power and efficiency; however, at the cost of increased heat loss. It also improved the indicated work availability in comparison with the addition of hydrogen.

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Modeling and simulation of process performance has been conducted around the use of theIraqi associated petroleum gas as fuel for the spark-ignition engine. The study included astatistical evaluation of the effect of each component on the total properties of the gas.Finally, the gas was tested as a possible fuel for the spark-ignition engine from theemission point of view. This was done numerically using commercial software wellestablished and verified for modeling the operation and performance of spark-ignitionengines.The study was conducted on Ricardo E6/T variable compression ratio engine. The range ofthe speed studied was 1000-3000 rpm and was limited to a lean range 0.8-0.95. It was alsofound that the presence of Methane in higher quantity helped in improving the calorificvalue (on a mass basis) but at the cost of gas density. The presence of higher carbon valuegasses did not help improve the fuel heating value.The highest negative impact on the heating value is CO, H2S, and C2H6 respectively. Thestudy also showed that the associated gas can be used as a fuel after removing sulfur fromit.

Modelling of the effect of newly developed mild steel (MS) corrosion inhibitor in Iraq was investigated using artificial neural network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology Design of Experiment (RSM-DOE) methods. The most significant parameters among the parameters studied and the optimum coating conditions was also investigated. Weight loss method (WLM) as well as Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used in the experimental work to obtain data for modelling. The inhibitor used was made in the center’s laboratories called N-(3-Nitrobenzylidene)-2-aminobenzothiazole. The MS specimens were tested for different immersion times and corrosive solution temperatures. Different concentrations of the inhibitor from of 0, to 1000 mg/L were used in the study. The results showed that within the concentrations studied, the corrosion inhibition performance increased with increasing N-(3-Nitrobenzylidene)-2-aminobenzothiazole concentration. The ANN model proposed with the Gaussian activation function was accurate for both testing and validation up to 99%. The RSM method used indicated that comparing time and concentration alone, inhibitor concentration was more significant than the immersion time in the corrosive solution. On the other hand, the effect of temperature and time were opposite to one another. While increasing time of immersion increased corrosion rate, temperature effect was the opposite.