Assessing dermis sodium concentration in skin is essential since an excessive amount of sodium is associated with vascular function disorders. In this research, dermis sodium concentration c has been quantified by the power spectral density drop Δ P of square-wave electrical impedance spectroscopy (PSDd-sEIS). PSDd-sEIS is composed of three stages: (1) dermis voltage measurement, (2) PSDd calculation, and (3) dermis sodium quantification. In the 1st stage, three electrodes are arranged to measure voltage v under the constant current I of square-wave. In the 2nd stage, Δ P is evaluated by the first and third harmonic frequency from v . In the 3rd stage, c is quantified by the developed linear regression. To obtain the highest sensitivity between c and Δ P ,   four measurement factors (square-wave frequency f sw ,   duty-cycle γ , electrode distance d, and electrode diameter ø) were optimized using numerical simulations of a skin model. Experiments on multi-layered skin under various c in the range of 5 nM–50 mM were conducted by PSDd-sEIS hardware with optimized measurement factors of f sw ∗ = 100  kHz , γ ∗ = 50 % , d ∗ = 2  mm , and ϕ ∗ = 0.8  mm . As the results, the quantification of c has a good accuracy with the normalized sensitivity ⟨ S ⟩   =0.87 and determination coefficient R2 = 0.92. The measurement factors of f sw   and γ affect the power of square-wave excitation to pass through the high resistivity barrier of the stratum corneum, while the measurement factors of d and ø affect the stability of current flow in the dermis.

Radio tracking is widely used in communication technology because it can determine the coordinate position of radio transmitter and the distance of rocket to the ground station in a similar manner toradar system. this paper describes a method of azimuth angle detection of transmitter based on doppler circullar array antenna. the difference of signal powerwhen the antenna is switched rapidly, is used to calculate the horizontal/azimuth angle from the radio transmitter. The results of the calculation is quite accurate only when the wave source is settled, so further research is needed to more accurately both the state still or moving object. This instrument will support rocket tracking systems.

In this study, sodium concentration in the dermis layer is imaged by the square wave open electrical impedance tomography (SW-oEIT) with spatial voltage thresholding (SVT). The SW-oEIT with SVT consists of three steps which are 1) voltage measurement, 2) spatial voltage thresholding, and 3) sodium concentration imaging. In the 1st step, the root mean square voltage v ̃ is calculated based on the measured voltage v under the square wave current I through the planar electrodes on the skin domain Ω. In the 2nd step, the m-th measured voltage v is converted to a compensated voltage v^* based on the voltage electrodes distance d^v and threshold distance d^Γ in order to highlight the region of interest of the dermis layer Ω^d. In the 3rd step, sodium concentration is imaged by the Gauss-Newton reconstruction method. The SW-oEIT with SVT was applied to multi-layer skin simulation and ex-vivo experiments under various dermis sodium concentrations c in the range of 5-50 mM. As an image evaluation result, the spatial mean conductivity distribution 〈σ^* 〉 in Ω^d is successfully determined as increasing c on both simulations and experiments. The relationship between 〈σ^* 〉 and c was evaluated by the determination coefficient R2 and the normalized sensitivity 〈S〉. The optimized d^Γ with the highest evaluation values of R^2= 0.84 and 〈S〉= 0.83 is under the condition of d^Γ = 2 mm. Based on the signal evaluation, the SW-oEIT with SVT has a 15.32 % higher correlation coefficient CC compared to the conventional oEIT based on sinewave injection.

UAV ini memiliki banyak kelebihan diantaranya, pesawat ini dapat digunakan untuk menjalankanmisi yang berbahaya ataupun misi rahasia. Salah satu misi UAV yang paling sering digunakan adalahpemantauan kondisi di suatu tempat. Pemantau kondisi lingkungan dari udara dengan menggunakanUnmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) yang dilengkapi dengan kamera diperlukan suatu perangkat lunakyang mampu mengirimkan data ke Ground Control Station(GCS). GCS juga dapat digunakan untukmengirimkan perintah. Dalam penelitian ini perintah yang dikirim adalah perintah autopilot. Perintahautopilot ini sangat penting dalam misi pemantauan. Perintah ini digunakan untuk mengarahkan UAVke suatu posisi yang ingin dipantau. Data perintah yang dikirim berupa titik koordinat garis bujur danlintang tujuan. Untuk mengaktifkan autopilot tersebut diperlukan suatu sistem pengiriman perintahdari GCS. Sehingga setelah data diterima oleh UAV, maka UAV mampu memroses data yangdiperlukan dan menjalankan perintah autopilot berdasarkan data perintah yang telah dikirim dalam halini khususnya quadcopter. Beberapa tahun terakhir, para software developers mengalihkan perhatiankepada pembuatan aplikasi mobile, salah satunya adalah android. Perangkat mobile lebih mudahdibawa untuk perjalanan. Penelitian ini akan mengembangkan GCS seperti pada berbasis PCberdasarkan pada platform android, dan dikombinasikan dengan perangkat layar sentuh android.Penelitian ini akan diujicobakan menggunakan fasilitas laboratorium Elektronika dan InstrumentasiVokasi UGM.

The Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is a popular time-frequency representation in many source separation problems. In this work, the sampled and discretized version of Discrete Gabor Transform (DGT) is proposed to replace STFT within the single-channel source separation problem of the Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) framework. The result shows that NMF-DGT is better than NMF-STFT according to Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR), Signal-to-Artifact Ratio (SAR), and Signal-to-Distortion Ratio (SDR). In the supervised scheme, NMF-DGT has a SIR of 18.60 dB compared to 16.24 dB in NMF-STFT, SAR of 13.77 dB to 13.69 dB, and SDR of 12.45 dB to 11.16 dB. In the unsupervised scheme, NMF-DGT has a SIR of 0.40 dB compared to 0.27 dB by NMF-STFT, SAR of -10.21 dB to -10.36 dB, and SDR of -15.01 dB to -15.23 dB.