Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is a multivariate statistical technique to analyze the pattern of relationships between latent variables (unobserved) with indicator variables (observed). One aspect that can be solved by SEM is poverty. Poverty is a major problem in economic development in developing countries like Indonesia. The problem of poverty can also be seen from the dimensions of education and health. This research uses SEM model with Partial Least Square (PLS) approach on poverty data in all provinces in Indonesia based on 2015-2017 Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) data with latent variables of poverty, education, economy, and health. The results show that there is an indicator of latent educational variables that must be excluded from the model because it has a loading factor value > 0.5. The results of the outer model evaluation with Convergent Validity, Composite Reliability (CR), and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) show significant and reliable values that mean the indicators used can explain latent variables well. The SEM-PLS inner model evaluation results can be known from the value of R-Square (R2) through the bootstrapping stage with 500 sample cases. R-square value for Economics is 0.751 means the model can explain variations of Economy in poverty cases in the Provinces of Indonesia at 75.1%, Education at 0.583 or 58.3% and the poverty model at 0.645 or 64.5%. The structural model for poverty cases in Indonesia in 2015-2017 is obtained Poverty = -0.548 Health - 0.085 Education + 0.128 Economy. The relationship of the poverty model shows that if poverty in Indonesia increases, the health of poor households and Education in Indonesia will decrease by 0.548 and 0.085 units respectively, whereas if poverty in Indonesia increases, the economy of poor households will increase by 0.128 assuming looking at the indicators that form latent economic variables.
Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut atau dikenal sebagai ISPA merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia terutama pada balita.. Salah satu faktor dari insidensi infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) pada balita adalah adanya anggota keluarga yang merokok. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan jumlah sample sebanyak 50responden.Tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument kuesioner, dan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar 32 balita (64%) anggota keluarga balita penderita ISPA adalah perokok. Anggota keluarga balita penderia ISPA berada dalam kategori perokok sedang sebanyak 24 balita (48%) dan 15 balita (28%). Dari 50 balita yang menderita ISPA memiliki anggota keluarga yang tinggal bersama dengan kebiasaan merokok sebanyak 29 balita (58%) anggota keluarga yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok tidak memperhatikan lingkungan sebanyak 21 balita (42%). Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa dari 50 anggota keluarga dengan kebiasaan merokok ringan (1-10 btg/hari) sebanyak 11 balita (22%), 24 balita yang memiliki jumlah anggota keluarga dengan merokok sedang (11-20 btg/hari) sebanyak 24 balita (48%) dan 15 balita (30%) yang memiliki jumlah anggota keluarga dengan kebiasaan merokok berat (20 btg/hari).Simpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa balita yang menderita ISPA pada umumnya disebabkan karena adanya anggota keluarga yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok di rumah dan tanpa memperhatikan lingkungan sekitarnya. Saran diharapkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat dijadikan tambahan referensi yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita.
An Opus is certainly influenced by the background of science or education, the environment in which people live and the tendency of the author to produce a separate manhaj. This paper intends to discuss one of the mahjaj in the science of hadith namely al-Z|ahabi. al-Z| ahabi is one of the most well-known hadith critics in evaluating the hadith narrators. There are many works of al-Z | ahabi in the field of hadith, one of which discusses the criticism of sanad is the book of Miza> n al-I'tida> l fi> Naqd al-Rija> l, this book contains narrators who have indications d{a'if and matru> k so this book is often used to ensure the quality of narrators who are accused of lying, d} a'if or matruk.
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