The species Hymenaea courbaril L. (Jatoba) is widely used in the timber industry. However, its population was reduced due to high exploitation rate, being at risk of extinction. Therefore, production of seedlings of this species should be improved to meet the demand of reforestation programs. Given the above, this study evaluates the effect of Osmocote ® rates and root pruning on the growth of Jatoba seedlings transplanted into plastic bags. A randomized complete block design was used in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to five rates of Osmocote ® fertilizer (0.0; 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; and 8.0 g L-1) and three root pruning intensities (0%; 25%; and 50%). At 105 days after transplantation, the following were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, height/stem diameter ratio, and Dickson quality index. Rates below 4.0 g L-1 or above 6.0 g L-1 decreased seedling quality. The most prominent variables in this study were plant height, total dry weight, and number of leaves of H. courbaril seedlings. Osmocote ® rates between 4.4 and 6.6 g L-1 combined with 25% root pruning provided the best results for the growth of transplanted Jatoba seedlings.
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The culture of açaí (Euterpe oleraceae M.), originating from floodplain areas, was planted on dry land in many properties in Pará, Brazil, making necessary the use of irrigation. To irrigate adequately with less waste, it is necessary that studies aim at increasing efficiency in the use of water in this sector, and one of the ways to do so is to estimate evapotranspiration (ET). The objective of this study was to estimate the actual daily evapotranspiration using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) in eastern Amazonia. Six images from the Landsat 8 satellite were used, and the estimates of evapotranspiration with the SEBAL algorithm showed good agreement with the results obtained by the Bowen ratio method in the area of açaí planting, including the mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), root of mean square error (RMSE), and the concordance index (d index) equal to 0.45 mm day−1, 4.23%, 0.52 mm day−1, and 0.80, respectively. SEBAL showed the ability to distinguish the soil cover, demonstrating the sensitivity of the model, which provided the mapping of the components analyzed. The use of the algorithm helps in decision making regarding irrigation management and reducing costs and water losses.
A produção de mudas de jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) é essencial para a conservação e restituição ao seu habitat natural. Entretanto a produção de mudas de espécie nativa ainda é pouco estudada. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de poda e de hidrogel nas mudas de jatobá em casa de vegetação. Mudas de jatobá com 90 dias de idade foram usadas no experimento. O delineamento experimental foi o esquema fatorial composto de três níveis de poda radicial (0,0; 25,0 e 50,0%) e cinco doses de hidrogel (0,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 g L-1 de substrato) totalizando 15 tratamentos. Aos 105 dias após o transplantio, foram avaliados os parâmetros morfológicos e índices de crescimento. A análise dos dados permitiu inferir que as plantas com poda de 25,0% da raiz isoladamente favoreceram o crescimento das mudas de jatobá. O hidrogel também mostrou efeito positivo nas variáveis morfológicas avaliadas. Efeitos combinados dos fatores poda a 25,0% da raiz e hidrogel na faixa de 3,0 a 4,0 g L-1 exercem efeitos positivos nas variáveis morfológicas. Essas técnicas isoladas ou combinadas podem ser aplicadas por viveiristas para prolongar o tempo de manutenção de mudas de jatobá.
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