This study aimed to estimate the combining ability and inbreeding depression of corn hybrids for agronomic traits and forage quality. Nine corn hybrids, 36 F1 combinations from a diallel, 9 S1 populations and two checks were evaluated in two experiments in a randomized complete block design with three replications, in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons. The parents Impacto, CD304 and DKB390 are recommended to form a composite to be subjected to a recurrent selection program aiming to improve forage production. Crosses between Impacto and parents DKB390, P30P34 and P30B39 are promising to increase forage quality by reducing the fiber content and also by increasing the protein content, being recommended for extracting inbred lines and interpopulation improvement. High inbreeding depression for grain yield was detected, indicating that non-additive effects contributed to the inheritance of the trait.
ResumoObjetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características químico-bromatológicas e caracterizar quantitativamente as frações de carboidratos de híbridos comerciais de milho e de materiais provenientes de cruzamento entre híbridos para a produção de silagem. Para tanto, foram avaliados 14 híbridos múltiplos, sete híbridos comerciais, sete progênies autofecundadas de híbridos comerciais e dois testemunhas em dois anos agrícolas. O híbrido 2B710 apresentou alta digestibilidade "in vitro" da matéria seca no primeiro ano e da fração fibrosa nos dois anos de avaliação. A progênie P30P34 x P30P34 destacou-se pelos altos valores de digestibilidade da matéria seca e da fração fibrosa nos dois anos avaliados. A maior fração de carboidratos não-fibrosos foi encontrada para os cruzamentos IMPACTO x CD308 e P30R50 x CD308 no primeiro e no segundo ano, respectivamente, indicando, maior eficiência em fornecer energia prontamente disponível no ambiente ruminal. As interações significativas entre híbridos de milho e ano agrícola para a composição químico-bromatológica, evidenciaram que o ambiente de cultivo tem grande influência sobre a composição nutricional, levando à necessidade de avaliação em diferentes ambientes para fins de seleção de milho visando à produção de silagem. Palavras-chave: Frações de carboidratos, genótipos de milho, silagem, valor nutricional AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, quantitatively characterize, in a comparative way, the carbohydrate fractions of commercial corn hybrids and of materials from crossing between hybrids for silage production. Therefore, 14 multiple hybrids, 7 commercial hybrids, 7 self-fertilized from commercial hybrids progenies and 2 controls were evaluated in two agricultural years. The 2B710 hybrid showed high dry matter in vitro digestibility in the first year and fiber fraction in the two years of evaluation. The progeny P30P34 x P30P34 showed high dry matter digestibility and fiber fraction in two years. The highest fraction of non-fibrous carbohydrates (A+B 1 ) was found for the crosses IMPACTO x CD308 and P30R50 x CD308 for the first and second year respectively, indicating a greater efficiency in providing readily available energy in the rumen. The significant interactions between corn hybrids and agricultural years for chemical composition showed that the
The aims of this study were: to assess the genetic relationship of supersweet corn populations; and to establish the heterotic pattern of 49 supersweet (sh2) corn inbreds on F2S5 generation based on molecular marker data and specific combining ability.Forty-nine inbreds were evaluated using 20 SSR molecular markers, which were allocated into heterotic groups according to the discriminant principal component analysis. Twelve inbreds were crossed in a complete diallel scheme. The 81 entries (hybrids developed, parental lines and three commercial checks) were evaluated in a triple partial balanced lattice design (9 × 9) during the growing seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were estimated. The SCA values were used to set the heterotic patterns of the parental lines as well. Commercial yield without husk (CYWH) and ear length (EL) were more informative to set the heterotic groups. Additive and non-additive effects were important on the genetic control of the evaluated traits. However, for five of the six traits, the non-additive/dominance genetic effects showed to be more important in both environments. In fact, the hybrids developed among tropical by temperate germplasm had better performance than those ones developed within the temperate germplasm itself. SSR based-genetic distance demonstrate to be a reliable predictor as significant correlation was obtained between genetic distance with hybrid performance (for length of ears, ear height and CYWH) and SCA for all observed traits. The non-additive genetic effect that predominantly controlled all traits was the feasible explanation for the good prediction.
Com o objetivo de estimar as capacidades de combinação para resistência a raiz rosada e caracteres agronômicos em cebola (Allium cepa L.), realizou-se o presente estudo em esquema de cruzamento dialélico parcial. Para tal, utilizaram-se dois grupos de linhagens parcialmente endogâmicas como genitores. O grupo I constituiu-se de cinco linhagens parentais femininas, macho estéreis, originárias de uma População Tropical Brasileira, selecionadas para plantio no verão. O grupo II constituiu-se de dez linhagens parentais masculinas, que em sua maioria são originárias de populações de cebola Crioula, obtidas por meio de autofecundações sucessivas e mantidas através de seleção massal dentro das linhagens. Os caracteres avaliados foram: resistência a raiz rosada em escala de notas de 1 a 5, vigor foliar, arquitetura foliar, número de folhas, altura de folha (cm), número total de bulbos e peso total de bulbos (kg). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos com tratamentos ao acaso com três repetições. Houve ação dos efeitos aditivos para resistência a raiz rosada, verificando-se também alta a magnitude de efeitos não aditivos em algumas combinações, observou-se o mesmo comportamento genético para outros caracteres agronômicos de interesse. Deste modo, é possível realizar seleção intrapopulacional com os parentais utilizados no presente trabalho e obter híbridos com bom nível de resistência a raiz rosada e boas características agronômicas.
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