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ResumenAntecedentes: Lamiaceae es una de las familias con mayor riqueza de especies en México. Sin embargo, aún se carece de un estudio detallado sobre su diversidad en el país y de una revisión taxonómica global y actualizada. Como resultado, el aprovechamiento y conservación de los integrantes de esta familia es limitado. Preguntas: ¿Qué avances se han logrado en el estudio y entendimiento de la riqueza, endemismo y distribución de las Lamiaceae mexicanas? ¿Qué estrategias deben ejecutarse para consolidar el conocimiento de la familia en el país? Taxon: Lamiaceae Sitio de estudio: México Métodos: Se hizo una revisión exhaustiva de las Lamiaceae mexicanas en la literatura, bases de datos y herbarios. Se sintetizó el estado de su conocimiento. Se aplicaron análisis cuantitativos para evaluar su riqueza, endemismo y distribución geográfica. Resultados: México cuenta con 33 géneros y 598 especies, de las cuales el 66.2 % son endémicas. El género más diverso es Salvia, con 306 especies. El estado más diverso es Oaxaca, mientras que Jalisco alberga el mayor número de especies endémicas. Conclusiones: En México, Lamiaceae es la octava familia más diversa y el número de sus especies representa el 5.5 % de la familia a nivel mundial, por lo que el país puede considerarse uno de los centros de diversificación más importante. Debido a lo anterior, y al endemismo elevado que presenta, México es crucial para la conservación in situ de la familia. Si bien se ha logrado un avance considerable de su conocimiento y en la actualidad hay un repunte en su estudio, es necesario diversificar los campos de investigación. Palabras clave: distribución geográfica, endemismo, Lamiaceae mexicanas, riqueza florística. AbstractBackground: Lamiaceae is one of the most species-rich families in Mexico. However, a detailed treatment on its diversity and an updated comprehensive taxonomic review for the country are still lacking. As a result, the use and conservation of the members of Lamiaceae is limited. Questions: Which advances have been achieved on the study and understanding of the Mexican Lamiaceae in terms of richness, endemism and distribution? Which strategies should be applied to enhance the knowledge of Lamiaceae in Mexico? Taxon: Lamiaceae Study site: Mexico Methods: A thorough review of Mexican Lamiaceae in the literature, databases and herbaria was conducted. The state of knowledge of the family was summarized. Quantitative analyses were performed to assess its richness, endemism and geographical distribution. Results: Mexico embraces 33 genera and 598 species of Lamiaceae, with an endemism proportion of 66.2 %. The most diverse genus is Salvia, with 306 species. Oaxaca is the state encompassing the highest richness, whereas Jalisco harbors the highest amount of endemic species. Conclusions: In Mexico Lamiaceae is the eighth most species-rich family, with a number of species equivalent to 5.5 % of all Lamiaceae worldwide; hence the country is one of the most relevant diversification centers for the family. The high species richne...

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We conducted a pilot study using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment to resolve relationships among a mostly Neotropical sage lineage that may have undergone a recent evolutionary radiation. Conventional markers (ITS, trnL-trnF and trnH-psbA) have not been able to resolve the relationships among species nor within portions of the backbone of the lineage. We sampled 12 representative species of subgenus Calosphace and included one species of Salvia's s.l. closest relative, Lepechinia, as outgroup. Hybrid enrichment and sequencing were successful, yielding 448 alignments of individual loci with an average length of 704bp. The performance of the phylogenomic data in phylogenetic reconstruction was superior to that of conventional markers, increasing both support and resolution. Because the captured loci vary in the amount of net phylogenetic informativeness at different phylogenetic depths, these data are promising in phylogenetic reconstruction of this group and likely other lineages within Lamiales. However, special attention should be placed on the amount of phylogenetic noise that the data could potentially contain. A prior exploration step using phylogenetic informativeness profiles to detect loci with sites with disproportionately high substitution rates (showing "phantom" spikes) and, if required, the ensuing filtering of the problematic data is recommended. In our dataset, filtering resulted in increased support and resolution for the shallow nodes in maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees resulting from concatenated analyses of all the loci. Additionally, it is expected that an increase in sampling (loci and taxa) will aid in resolving weakly supported, short deep internal branches.

Premise of research. Salvia is one of the most species-rich genera in the world. Its outstanding diversity and subcosmopolitan distribution have prevented the preparation of a modern comprehensive monograph and reevaluation of its classification. As phylogenetic efforts advance to untangle the evolutionary relationships of Salvia, the need for a solid taxonomic footing is increasingly imperative. Accordingly, we present an updated checklist of the species richness and distribution of Salvia subg. Calosphace, which constitutes more than half of the diversity of the genus. Methodology.A preliminary checklist of the species of Salvia subg. Calosphace was compiled through examination of the literature and online databases; this was revised and discussed by the authors in order to retrieve a consensus list. The distribution of each species by country or territory as well as by biome was also recorded from the sources consulted; affinities in composition were visualized with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean based on a dissimilarity matrix (Sørensen's index).Pivotal results. Salvia subg. Calosphace comprises 580 species; 30 were qualified as unresolved and require further analysis. The countries with the highest species richness are Mexico (295 spp.), Peru (77 spp.), Colombia (60 spp.), Brazil (58 spp.), Guatemala (49 spp.), and Ecuador (41 spp.). The affinity in species composition between countries and between biomes is explained mainly by geographical proximity.Conclusions. The updated list of the species of Salvia subg. Calosphace will help to guide sampling for phylogenetic analyses, enabling the achievement of a more stable and solid phylogenetic hypothesis. At the same time, it is a potentially important tool for underpinning discussions toward a new sectional classification of the lineage.