S obzirom na to da različiti ciljevi istraživanja zahtijevaju i različite metodološke postavke, izuzetno je važno ispravno procijeniti koji su postupci nužni i dovoljni kako bi se valjano ispitala postavljena istraživačka pitanja. U ovome se radu istražio utjecaj uvjeta akustičkih snimanja na procjenu vrijednosti akustičkih parametara: formantske frekvencije vokala i osnovnoga tona glasa. Za potrebe istraživanja snimljeni su spontani govor i čitanje dvaju govornika (jedan muški i jedan ženski glas) u različitim uvjetima te su statistički testirane razlike izmjerenih akustičkih vrijednosti u odnosu na različite uvjete snimanja. Od mjera fundamentalne frekvencije najrobusnijima pokazale su se bazična vrijednost i medijan, a od formantskih frekvencija treći formant. Najznačajnije su razlike u vrijednostima u neoptimalnim udaljenostima govornika od mikrofona.

In this study, we examined changes in the voice quality of a transgender client who had previously undergone male-to-female (MtF) transition. We conducted a longitudinal phonetic analysis after obtaining recordings from our client before and after undergoing laser-assisted voice adjustment (LAVA) surgery. The following acoustic parameters were compared: fundamental frequency (F0) measures, local jitter, shimmer, harmonic to noise ratio, phonation time, and long-term average spectrum. We assumed that the voice would not change significantly as a result of previous hormonal and vocal therapy, and that its timbre would be closer to female values after LAVA surgery. Since the client was on hormone therapy before the surgery, the average values of F0 corresponded to the values of a normal female voice (190.1 Hz), and, after surgery, the voice became significantly higher in phonation (235.6 Hz). Before surgery, the voice was high for a male voice during reading (mean F0 = 150.19 Hz for non-fricative text (NT) and mean F0 = 158.06 Hz for fricative text (FT)). After surgery, the voice exhibited higher F0 values (F0 = 184.72 Hz for NT and F0 = 191.87 Hz for FT). Before surgery, the voice was average high for a male voice during spontaneous speech (F0 = 119.90 Hz), while after surgery the F0 was 161.33 Hz during spontaneous speech, which is somewhat lower than the average pitch values of the female voice, but its timbral quality is more feminine. Since spontaneous speech is very important for comparison vocal timbre, we can conclude that the 42 Hz difference observed is notable. Although the minimal and maximal values of F0 based on phonation were significantly higher after surgery (p < 0.001), the range was limited. The total results of the F0 measures are higher than expected, while the shortened phonation time points to the need for voice therapy. Considering all our results, we can conclude that it is important to discuss a client’s profession before considering LAVA surgery.

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Y ugosl a v i a SUMMARY I n t h i s w o r k . d e f i b r i l l a t i o n of t h e h e a r t has been a n a l y s e d by impedance model of human body. The p r o c e s s of d e f i b r i l l a t i o n w a s s i m u l a t e d on a personal computer and it w a s o b t a i n e d a w a v e s h a p e of e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t i mpul se appear i ng on t h e h e a r t d u r i n g def i br i 11 a t i on. The a n a l y s i s w a s done i n 2 d i f f e r e n t p o s i t i o n s of def i b r i 11 ator electrodes. t h e ti m e analysis of d e f i b r i l l a t o r impulses on o t h e r p a r t s of t h e body shows t h e e x i s t e n c e of c u r r e n t and v o l t a g e i n t h e s u r r o u n d i n g s of h e a r t . so w e have t o b e v e r y c a r e f u l d u r i n g d e f i b r i l l a t i o n . T h i s a r t i c l e p o i n t s t o an u r g e n t need for t h e r e d u c t i o n of t r a n s i e n t r e s i s t a n c e between s k i n and d e f i b r i l l r t o r electrodes up t o lowest p o s s i b l e l i m i t because of j o u l e lossrs a p p e a r i n g h e r e . The t i m e a n a l y s i s of impulses shows t h a t w e have t o t a k e i n c o n s i d e r a b l e i n f l u e n c e on t h e w a v e shape of impulses and on v o l t a g e a p p e a r i n g on el ect r odes def i br i 11 a t i on, rrspect i vel y.

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