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One of the main reasons for gear failure is bending fatigue, which occurs due to cyclic stresses at the tooth root region. Bending fatigue can cause crack initiation which, in turn, may propagate and result in catastrophic tooth breakage. Single tooth bending fatigue tests are frequently employed to generate statistically significant fatigue data at relatively low price. Hence, they are often employed as screening tests for bending fatigue behaviour of actual running gear pair. Since relatively small alteration of nominal tooth root stress values can produce significant change in bending fatigue lives, it is important to adequately consider the effect of friction and test fixture deformation when conducting single tooth bending fatigue tests. In this paper, numerical investigation of tooth flank friction effect on spur gear load capacity during single tooth bending fatigue test is carried out. Two different test fixtures are considered. Linear elastic finite element analysis is carried out to obtain nominal tooth root stresses. The results show that friction at gear tooth flank as well as fixture deformation can affect nominal tooth root stress results.