Background Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication is becoming increasingly difficult. The aim of our study was to determine the knowledge of current guidelines and attitude in the diagnosis and treatment of H pylori infection in primary care physicians (PCPs) and medical students in Croatia. Materials and Methods A study was conducted among PCPs and medical students to evaluate adherence to Maastricht V consensus guidelines. Questionnaire was distributed by e‐mail to 2338 PCPs offices in Croatia and to the medical students from the University of Split School of Medicine. Responses were collected electronically from June 22 to August 22, 2020. Results Two hundred forty‐nine PCPs and 169 medical students were included in the study. Bismuth or non‐bismuth‐based quadruple therapy as first‐line treatment for H pylori was the choice of 4.8% of PCPs and 13% of students, while 66.3% PCPs and 79.9% students would choose clarithromycin‐based triple therapy. Bismuth‐based quadruple therapy was the most preferred second line of treatment for 45.4% of PCPs and 34.9% of students. Only 2.8% PCPs and 7.1% of students would correctly recommend first and second line of treatment for H. pylori infection. A larger proportion of students than PCPs would prefer C13‐urea breath test (50.3% vs 6.4%). Only 59.0% PCPs would treat for H pylori in all patients including the asymptomatic ones. Students more frequently recognized the link between H pylori and gastric cancer compared with PCPs (92.9% vs 73.5%). Conclusions Primary care physicians and medical students’ knowledge of H pylori guidelines are insufficient in Croatia and ask for additional training.

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High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, the complexity for its treatment, poor correlation of registered drug packs or poor patient adherence to the treatment may contribute to antibiotic resistance and healthcare costs. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether registered drug packs are in accordance with European and national guidelines for H pylori eradication with reference to the number of drug units. In this study, we considered treatment options for the management of H pylori infection recommended by the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report and by national guidelines in the United Kingdom (UK), Croatia, Italy and Slovenia for adults. Drugs proposed by the guidelines were identified in national drug databases in July of 2019. When considering correlation for 10‐day treatment regimens, drug packs registered in Croatia could not be matched with recommendations for sequential therapies. A number of proposed treatments could not be matched due to small variety of drug packs in Croatia. Drug packs registered in the UK more often matched recommended 14‐day treatment regimens and national guidelines. With reference to European guidelines, 10‐day treatments could more frequently be matched in Italy and in Slovenia. Furthermore, results of this study indicate that there is smaller variety in drug pack sizes registered in Croatia and Slovenia when compared to UK and Italy. Considering poor correlation of drug packs with treatment guidelines for H pylori, adherence to antimicrobial treatment and proper disposal of antimicrobials is warrant. Discussing adherence to antimicrobial treatment with patients should be introduced as a standard of patient care and education.

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Aim: Dental injuries are one of the most frequent oral health problems in children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate Croatian pediatricians’ knowledge and practice regarding dental injuries management and the use of mouthguards as means of protection against traumatic injuries. Materials and methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey conducted among 186 pediatricians examined their demographic characteristics, knowledge and experience with dental injuries. Student t-test or one-way ANOVA, with Tukey’s post-hoc were used to analyze obtained data (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The overall mean score of knowledge on the management of dental injuries was 3.6 ± 1.53 points. Male pediatricians (p = 0.016), those who witnessed dental injuries (p = 0.003), and those who had more than ten years of pediatric practice (p = 0.027) showed better knowledge. The results of multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated impact between pediatricians’ knowledge in the emergency treatment of traumatic dental injuries concerning the level of health care (practice settings) (β = −0.254, p = 0.002) and the number of patients treated by a pediatrician per day (β = −0.187, p = 0.030). Conclusion: Pediatricians have a low level of knowledge regarding the primary care of traumatic dental injuries. An additional course on dental injurie management should be recommended as part of the physician and pediatricians’ educational training.