Background: Chondral and osteochondral injuries of the knee joint are undervalued in subjects undergoing orthopedic surgery. Chondral lesions are difficult to diagnose as they do not present specific clinical signs. The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence of cartilage injuries in patients undergoing arthroscopy of the knee for knee pain or instability. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 355 consecutive knee arthroscopies. Chondral lesions were found in 247 (69.6%) cases. Regarding their location, chondral lesions were more likely to be located on the medial femoral condyle (53.8%), while lesions on the lateral femoral condyle alone (0.8%) were the least frequent ones. Chondral injuries were frequently found with associated articular findings such as meniscal lesions (56.68%) and anterior cruciate ligament tears (2.84%) or both menisci and anterior cruciate ligament tear (15.38%). The ICRS grade II cartilage lesions were most frequently diagnosed (56.3%) while grade IV was the least frequent type (6.9%). Conclusions: Chondral damage is frequently diagnosed during knee arthroscopy, present in more than 50% of the arthroscopies performed for various indications, and an important part of cartilage injuries were linked with other intraarticular findings, such as anterior cruciate ligament tear and medial meniscus tear.

The congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) are extremely rare malformations which are most frequently diagnosed before birth or during childhood and are extremely rarely diagnosed in adults. Sometimes, type II CPAM can be associated with pulmonary sequestrations (PS), especially those extralobar. We present the case of a 39 years old female without any known previous respiratory symptoms until this age, who has having for approximatively 2 months repeated episodes of haemoptysis. The angio-CT exam showed the existence of multiple cyst-like formations in the left inferior pulmonary lobe (LLL) and 2 arteries starting from thoracic aorta that participated at the vascularization of the LLL. We performed a left inferior lobectomy and the postoperative evolution was favorable. The histopathological exam confirmed the diagnosis of type I CPAM associated with intralobar PS. The particularity of the presented case is given by the fact that this patient of 39 years old had no previous respiratory symptoms and no cases of type I CPAM associated with intralobar PS were cited before.

Introduction. Double aortic arch (DAA) represents a vascular malformation generated by the persistence of the right dorsal aorta from the intrauterine life. An aortic ring is formed, that surrounds the trachea and esophagus, resulting in difficulty in breathing and swallowing. Case report. We report the case of a 13 years old male child who was admitted to the pediatric surgery department accusing the presence of a paravertebral subcutaneous lesions. Histopathological result of the excised lesion revealed the presence of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Examination of computer tomography angiography (Angio-CT) revealed the presence of a complete arterial chain (aortic double arch - DAA) around the trachea and esophagus, without signs of compression. Most cases are diagnosed in the first year of life, the literature reports a few cases of DAA diagnosed late, to the adolescent or adult. Clinically most of the anatomical variants are usually symptomatic especially that are associated with congenital heart defects, including also Fallot tetralogy. Conclusions. Angio-CT is a very useful method in diagnosing arterial or venous malformations, symptomatic or asymptomatic.