The aim was analysis of 4-thiazolidinones and related heterocyclic systems anticancer activity data and formation of some rational design directions of potential anticancer agents. Synthetic research carried out in Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (DH LNMU) allowed us to propose a whole number of new molecular design directions of biological active 4-thiazolidinones and related heterocyclic systems, as well as obtain directed library that numbers over 5000 of novel compounds. At the present time in vitro anticancer activity screening was carried out for more than 1000 compounds (US NCI protocol (Developmental Therapeutic Program), among them 167 compounds showed high antitumor activity level. For the purpose of optimization and rational design of highly active molecules with optimal «drug-like» characteristics and discovering of possible mechanism of action SAR, QSAR analysis and molecular docking were carried out. The ultimate aim of the project is creating of innovative synthetic drug with special mechanism of action and sufficient pharmacological and toxicological features. Some aspects of structure–activity relationships were determined and structure design directions were proposed. The series of active compounds with high anticancer activity and/or selectivity levels were selected
The synthesis and antitumor activity screening of 4-aminothiazol-2(5H)-one derivatives were performed. The absence of possible 4-amino-imino tautomerism of thiazolidinones-2 has been confirmed based on the study of the molecule structures. The existence of the alone amino-form was confirmed. An anticancer activity screening was performed within the Developmental Therapeutics Program (National Cancer Institute/NIH, USA). Tested compounds possess low to moderate anticancer activity (average values - 60 cancer cell lines assay) with significant selective action on certain cancer cell lines (CCRF-CEM and RPMI-8226/leukemia, U251/CNS cancer, RFX 393/renal cancer, OVCAR/ovarian cancer etc.). The advantage of 5-ylidene-4-R-amino derivatives in comparison with compounds with free amino group was shown. Some structure-activity findings, the comparison of target compounds with isomeric 5-ylidene-2-imino(amino)thiazol-4(5H)-ones, as well as COMPARE analysis were described. Among the tested compounds (Z)-5-(furan-2-ylmethylidene)-4-(4-chlorophenylamino)thiazol-2(5H)-one (IIIk) and (Z)-5-(4-diethylaminophenylmethylidene)-4-(4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenylamino)thiazol-2(5H)-one (IIIp) possessed the highest levels of activity.
The data on the pharmacology of 4‐thiazolidinones showed that 5‐ene‐2‐(imino)amino‐4‐thiazolidinones are likely to comprise one of the most promising groups of compounds possessing anticancer properties. A series of 5‐arylidene‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)aminothiazol‐4(5H)‐ones was designed, synthesized, and studied against 10 leukemia cell lines, including the HL‐60, Jurkat, K‐562, Dami, KBM‐7, and some Ba/F3 cell lines. The structure–activity relationship analysis shows that almost all tested 5‐arylidene‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)aminothiazol‐4(5H)‐ones were characterized by ІС50 values lower or comparable to that of the control drug chlorambucil. Among the tested compounds, (5Z)‐5‐(2‐methoxybenzylidene)‐ (12), (5Z)‐(2‐ethoxybenzylidene)‐ (21), (5Z)‐5‐(2‐benzyloxybenzylidene)‐ (25), and (5Z)‐5‐(2‐allyloxybenzylidene)‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenylamino)thiazol‐4(5H)‐ones (28) possessed the highest antileukemic activity at submicromolar concentrations (ІС50 = 0.10–0.95 µM).
Studying the anticancer activity of 5-arylidene-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)aminothiazol-4(5H)-ones towards cell lines of different cancer types allowed the identification of hit-compounds inhibiting the growth of daunorubicin-(CEM-DNR, IC 50 = 0.32-1.28 µM) and paclitaxel-resistant (K562-TAX, IC 50 = 0.21-1.23 µM) cell lines, with favorable therapeutic indexes. The studied compounds induced apoptosis and cellular proliferation in treated CCRF-CEM cells. The hit compounds were shown to induce mitotic arrest by interacting with tubulin, inhibiting its polymerization by binding to the colchicine binding site.
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