Objective. Emerging data indicate that oxidative stress is closely associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aimed to assess the effect of the most abundant flavonoid in the human diet quercetin (Q) on the myocardial redox status in rats with T2DM. Methods. T2DM was induced in male Wistar rats by a high caloric diet (for 14 weeks) and two streptozotocin (25 mg/kg b.w.) injections applied in four weeks of the diet, once a week for two weeks. The Q was administered intragastrically by gavage in a dose of 10 or 50 mg/kg of the body weight for 8 weeks starting from the 8th day after the last streptozotocin injection. The control rats received citrate buffer and seven days after the last STZ injection, basal glucose levels were measured in all animals. Results. Administration of Q increased insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats with more pronounced effect at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. The Q also decreased free radical oxidation in the heart mitochondria of diabetic animals, thus limiting the formation of advanced oxidation protein products in a dose-dependent manner and normalized the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) in cardiac mitochondria independently of the dose used. In addition, the Q in both doses prevented the development of oxidative stress in the T2DM rats cardiomyocytes by reducing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase activities. Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that Q in both doses 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg can protect from the development of oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes in the diabetic rats. The present data indicate that the use of Q may contribute to the amelioration of cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM.

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The effects of new antioxidant fensuccinal on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rats were studied. Oral administration of fensuccinal in a dose of 25 mg/kg for 2 weeks prevented basal hyperinsulinemia and insulin insensitivity of peripheral tissues. Fensuccinal also attenuated oxidative stress by decreasing the concentrations of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products in liver homogenates. The ability of fensuccinal to prevent dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance is probably due to its antioxidant properties.

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The functional state of cardiovascular system was investigated in ovariectomized rats with metabolic syndrome induced by chronic supplementation with high fructose diet. It was established, that only estrogen deficiency does not disturb the heart rhythm, but leads to prolongation systolic interval, shortening of diastolic interval and duration of P wave. The increased heart rates, systolic index and deformed T wave were observed at the electrocardiogram of rats with estrogen deficiency and metabolic syndrome. Thus, the metabolic syndrome intensified the functional disturbances induced by estrogen deficiency, inducing sinus tachycardia, ischemic heart diseases and diffuse changes of a myocardium.