El grano de maíz con pigmentos tipo antociano, no presenta una coloración homogénea en su superficie, por lo que la forma de presentar el grano para tomar la lectura de color afecta los resultados. En este trabajo se compararon dos formas de tomar la lectura de color en muestras de grano de colores diversos. Se emplearon muestras de grano de color azul morado (AZM), rojo cereza (RC), rojo ladrillo (RL), amarillo (AM) y blanco (BCO), este último como testigo. Los dos procedimientos para medir la coloración del grano fueron: montado sobre una base de plastilina, simulando como se encuentra en la mazorca (GMP) y grano en charola (GCH). El color se determinó con un colorímetro Hunter-Lab Mini Scan. En los colores de grano AZM, RC y RL el procedimiento para tomar la lectura de color afectó las variables de color. En los maíces AZM, las diferencias se presentaron tanto en la luminosidad, como en hue y croma, en los RC y RL fue la variable hue la más afectada. En los maíces de grano AM y BCO, los valores de luminosidad, hue y croma fueron numéricamente cercanos entre las dos formas de tomar la lectura de color en el grano. De acuerdo con los resultados, en los maíces AZM, RC y RL el color debería tomarse en el GMP, para obtener valores en las variables de color, que se relacionan con la apreciación visual de color, en tanto que en los maíces de grano AM y BCO el procedimiento para tomar la lectura, si bien afecta las variables de color, el valor de hue corresponde con la apreciación visual del color.
Blue purple maize grain loses a great amount of anthocyanins during the nixtamalization processing. The impact of the process factors on anthocyanins losses has not been studied in detail. The objectives of this work were to: (1) determine the step of the nixtamalization procedure where the greatest anthocyanin loss occurs and (2) study the effect of cooking time, alkali concentration, and sample size on anthocyanin losses (AL), and on the color of masa and tortilla from blue purple maize grain. Two cooking times were assayed (25 and 35 min), three alkali concentrations (0.5, 0.7, and 1.0% w/w), and two maize grain sample sizes (100 and 1000 g). Alkali concentration determines the time required to solubilize the maize grain pericarp, higher concentrations resulted in shorter maize grain pericarp solubilization times and this variable was related with AL. The greatest AL occurred during the grain cooking step, but an additional loss took place during the steeping of cooked grain. For the cooking time of 25 min, AL were of 38.3% during the cooking step, and 21.3% during the steeping of cooked grain. The cooking time had no effect ( > 0.05) on AL in masa and tortilla whereas alkali concentration and sample size significantly affected it. The greater the concentration and size, the higher the AL. The color of masa and tortilla were affected by cooking time and alkali concentration. Increasing alkali concentration during the nixtamalization procedure, reduced the brightness and chroma of masa and tortilla and made these products seem darker and dull.
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