A demanda de cuidados às crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde promove desgaste físico e mental da cuidadora. Para analisar as implicações dessas demandas sobre o empoderamento da cuidadora, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa. Onze cuidadoras acompanhantes, de um hospital do sul do Brasil, foram organizadas em três grupos, entre 2004-2005. Utilizou-se a análise de discurso no relatório de três dinâmicas do método criativo-sensível. O empoderamento individual das cuidadoras foi construído no enfrentamento das situações-limites dos cuidados e no encontro com os profissionais de saúde. O papel de boa mãe e de cuidadoras dedicadas, abnegadas levou-as a abdicar de sua condição feminina, gerando isolamento social, sofrimento e estresse. O empoderamento individual opressivo as distanciou do empoderamento coletivo libertador; a cuidadora foi valorizada em sua condição materna e não na feminina. As práticas de empoderamento individual, centradas na abnegação e dedicação, possibilitam a reflexão e ação no processo de empoderamento coletivo.
Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo elaborar a versão brasileira do instrumento
How to cite this article: Góes FGB, Cabral IE. Discourses on discharge care for children with special healthcare needs. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet] ABSTRACT Objectives: analyze the discourse of healthcare professionals and families on the continuous and complex care for children with special healthcare needs; understand hospital discharge as a process centered on children demands and family learning. Method: qualitative research conducted between 2013 and 2015 through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and the sensitive creative method; the participants were ten children with special healthcare needs, six professionals and eleven family members from a public pediatric teaching hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The data underwent critical discourse analysis. Results: at discharge, family caregivers should learn innovative care to guarantee the maintenance of their children's lives at home, but preparation is limited. Conclusion: the clinicians and the families pointed out Nurse as the most qualifi ed professional for this preparation, since caring for these children requires nursing care skills. Descriptors: Child Health; Pediatric Nursing; Patient Discharge; Health Services Needs and Demand; Family. RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o discurso de profi ssionais e familiares sobre os cuidados contínuos e complexos de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde; compreender a alta hospitalar como processo centrado nas demandas das crianças e na aprendizagem da família. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada entre 2013 e 2015, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise documental e método criativo sensível; participaram dez crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde, seis profi ssionais, onze familiares de hospital público de ensino pediátrico do Rio de Janeiro, cujos dados foram submetidos a análise crítica de discurso. Resultados: na alta, os familiares cuidadores querem aprender o cuidado inovador para assegurar a manutenção da vida de seus fi lhos no domicílio, mas o preparo é pontual. Conclusão: a equipe e a família distinguem o enfermeiro como o profi ssional qualifi cado para esse preparo, uma vez que os cuidados procedimentais são cuidados de enfermagem. Descritores: Saúde da Criança; Enfermagem Pediátrica; Alta do Paciente; Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde; Família. RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el discurso de profesionales y familiares sobre la atención continua y compleja de infantes con necesidades especiales de salud; comprender el alta hospitalaria como proceso enfocado en las demandas del infante y el aprendizaje de la familia. Método: investigación cualitativa realizada entre 2013 y 2015 mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, análisis documental y método creativo sensible; participaron diez infantes con necesidades especiales de salud, seis profesionales y once familiares en hospital público de enseñanza pediátrica de Rio de Janeiro, cuyos datos fueron sometidos a análisis crítico del discurso. Resultados: en el alta, los familiares cuidadores quieren aprender cuidados innovadores ...
This study aimed to identify the (in)visibility of nursing care and discuss ways of (dis) articulating this care with family care in the social network of children with special healthcare needs. A qualitative research was performed with health professionals at a pediatric hospital, four units of the Family Medical Program (FMP), and children's relatives living in Niterói (RJ). The field work was put in practice after IRB approval (HESFA/EEAN), consisting of five semi-structured interviews and two group dynamics. Critical Discourse Analysis indicated that nursing care is visible in the child's social network through the nurse's educational and care activities and home visits by the nurisng aide of the FMP. Due to errors in the national health system's referral and counter-referral, mothers articulate the network and not the health service; thus, the reorganization of the system in the State would foster social networks that are less wearing for their families. La red social de niños con necesidades especiales de salud en la (in) visibilidad del cuidar de enfermeríaEl objetivo fue identificar la (in) visibilidad del cuidado de enfermería y discutir los modos de (des) articulación de ese cuidado con el cuidado familiar en red social de niños con necesidades especiales de salud. Investigación cualitativa con profesionales de salud de un hospital pediátrico, de cuatro unidades del Programa Médico de Familia (PMF), y familiares residentes en Niterói (RJ). Trabajo de campo fue ejecutado después de aprobación por el Comité de Ética (HESFA/EEAN), consistiendo de cinco entrevistas seme-estructuradas y dos dinámicas grupales. Análisis Critica del Discurso apuntó que cuidado de enfermería es visible en red social del niño por actividades cuidadoras y educativas de enfermera y por visita domiciliar del auxiliar de enfermería del PSF. Debido a fallos en la referencia y contra referencia del sistema de salud, la madre, articula red y no servicio de salud; por tanto la reorganización del sistema en el Estado promovería redes sociales menos desgastantes para familiares. MethodsThis qualitative and descriptive research was developed through the creative and sensitive method (8)(9) in three contexts: a pediatric public hospital (G. Two criteria were used to close off the field work (10) .)The first, concerning internal validity, sought theoretical saturation; and the second, for the sake of external validity, referred to the number of participants in the preceding qualitative studies, to determine the minimum of six and maximum of 12 participants.Data were analyzed through Critical Discourse Analysis (11) , as they entailed discourse markers that reflected power relations, the dominant ideology and the macro-structural context, influencing the constitution of the research participants' statements. Based on Fairclough's (11) three-dimensional analysis framework, textual, discourse practice and social practice analyses were performed.The discourse practice dimension centers on how discourse is produced in particular ways and in sp...
Objective: to describe appropriate sources and resources for caregivers of children with special health needs in the community. Method: A qualitative study that used the creativity and sensitivity dynamics speaking map, part of the sensitive creative method, involving 11 caregivers of children with special health needs who are assisted in a university hospital located in the South of Brazil. Results: the maps graphically represented through the genogram and ecomap showed that the caregiving women consistently and regularly use the resources of the internal and external family network; they eventually and irregularly access the community social network for physical and psychological support. Conclusion: the reclusive nature of care for these children inside the family circle contributes to their social invisibility. Based on this new information, it is recommended that Nursing participate in the care that is focused on these children's families, with particular attention to their socio-cultural conditions.
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