Discrimination and memory for video films of women performing different activities was investigated in 5.5 month-old infants. In Experiment 1, infants (N = 24) were familiarized to the faces of one of three women performing one of three repetitive activities (blowing bubbles, brushing hair, and brushing teeth). Overall, results indicated discrimination and memory for the actions but not the faces after both a 1-min and a 7-week delay. Memory was demonstrated by a visual preference for the novel actions after the 1-min delay and for the familiar actions after the 7-week delay, replicating prior findings that preferences shift as a function of retention time. Experiment 2 (N = 12) demonstrated discrimination and memory for the faces when infants were presented in static poses at the 1-min delay, but not the 7-week delay. In Experiment 3 (N = 18), discrimination of the actions was replicated, but no discrimination among the objects embedded in the actions (hairbrush, bubble wand, toothbrush) was found. These findings demonstrate the attentional salience of actions over faces in dynamic events to 5.5 month-olds. They highlight the disparity between results generated from moving versus static displays in infancy research and emphasize the importance of using dynamic events as a basis for generalizing about perception and memory for events in the real world.

Recent attention has been given to the high frequency of coexisting anxiety and depressive symptoms that has served to challenge the more traditional view that these two disorders are typically discrete syndromes. Furthermore, research suggests that less severe states of anxiety and depression continue to be overlooked, despite their capacity to produce significant psychosocial impairment. Given the implications for diagnostic and treatment outcome, psychologists need to be aware of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and treatment strategies surrounding comorbid and subthreshold anxiety and depression. We review the literature, present issues related to these syndromes, and discuss the implications for diagnostic and clinical activities. RAFAEL A. RIVAS-VAZQUEZ received his PsyD in clinical psychology from Nova Southeastern University and completed his predoctoral internship at Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital. He received his postdoctoral MS in clinical psychopharmacology from Nova Southeastern University in 2001. He is currently adjunct faculty in psychology at University of Miami. His research interests include psychopharmacology, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and cross-cultural assessment and treatment issues. DALIA SAFFA-BILLER received her PsyD in clinical psychology from Nova Southeastern University in 1997 and completed her predoctoral internship at Citrus Health Network, Inc., Hialeah, FL. She is the director at the Weston Center for Psychological Services in Weston, FL. Her research interests include parenting and custody issues. IVONNE RUIZ received her PsyD in clinical psychology from Nova Southeastern University in 2000 and completed her predoctoral internship at Citrus Health Network, Inc. She is the clinical coordinator of the School and Community Based Clinical Services at Citrus Health Network. Her research interests include pervasive developmental disorder and childhood assessment and treatment. MARK A. BLAIS received his PsyD in clinical psychology from Nova Southeastern University in 1990. He is the associate chief of psychology at Massachusetts General Hospital and is associate professor at Harvard Medical School. His research interests include psychological assessment, psychotherapy outcome, and personality disorders. ANA RIVAS-VAZQUEZ received her PhD from the University of Miami in 1969 and her postdoctoral MS in clinical psychopharmacology from Nova Southeastern University in 2001. She was board certified in clinical psychology in 1988. She

In order to identify the psychosocial factors that lead to the demand for medical care related to the menopause, we carried out a case/control study. A case was defined as a woman who sought gynaecological care due to "menopausal complaints" (n = 85) and a control referred to a woman drawn at random from the general population. The cases showed greater psychiatric morbidity and social dissatisfaction, a lower level of diffused social support and a higher frequency of severe life events and the controls showed greater social maladjustment in objective conditions. The multivariate analysis (logistic regression) carried out after adjusting all the relevant variables, indicated that the demand for medical care due to menopausal complaints was not only determined by the menopausal status itself but also by a set of social and demographic variables, especially dissatisfaction and a lack of social support.