The study aimed to determine the influence of NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms on the pig's productive traits. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples (n=50) from pigs of the Ukrainian Large White breed. Genotyping was performed at NRAMP1 loci at positions 72 and 364 (AvaII) SNP and 176 and 334 (HinfI) SNP, counting from the beginning of the amplified fragment 536 bp. Polymorphism was found at the last two these loci. For NRAMP1HinfI 334 SNP, the frequency of the allele T was 1.9 times as high as that of the allele C. The observed genotype distribution deviated significantly from the expected one for NRAMP1HinfI 334 SNP (χ2 = 10.150; p <0.01). Pigs of the Ukrainian Large White breed showed a rather high NRAMP1HinfI 334 SNP polymorphism (PIC = 0.35). Relationships were found between the Exon2 of the NRAMP1 gene (HinfI 334 SNP) polymorphism and the productive traits of pigs (average daily gains, p <0.05; fat thickness, p <0.01). The TT genotype positively affected the growth rate of the experimental pigs from day 28 to day 120, and their average daily gains were higher by 17.7 grams or 3.2% (p<0.05). At day 180, the body weight of pigs with the TT NRAMP1HinfI 334 SNP genotype was higher by 5.04 kg (p<0.05). At the same time, they had thicker backfat (P<0.01).</td>

The German Shepherd is among the breeds most prone to pathologies of the lumbosacral spine. The aim of the study was to examine how the presence of spine pathology affects the shape of the lumbar spine and dimensions of individual vertebrae. Mathematical analysis consisted of three measurements for each lumbar vertebra. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that there was a correlation between the height of the first five vertebrae and the occurrence of the lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LTV). It was also shown that spondylosis manifested most often with a change in the distance between individual lumbar vertebrae. There was no correlation between the incidence of spondylosis and the height of the vertebral canal. In conclusion, the presence of a LTV significantly changes the dimensions of other vertebrae in the lumbar spine, which can lead to other pathological changes in the vertebral column.

The lumbosacral region of the spine is most susceptible to pathology in large breed dogs. The most common pathologies of this segment include intervertebral disk discopathy, distortion of vertebral vertebrae, narrowing of the lumbosacral canal and congenital defects of the spine. This area is most commonly affected by physical trauma or aging-related conditions leading to a wide range of symptoms, such as pain and loss of mobility.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the genetic structure of Ukrainian Holstein cattle (n = 150) of the state enterprise Chayka (Kiev region, Ukraine) on the basis of the analysis of 12 microsatellite DNA loci and 3 QTL genes: k-casein (CSN3), prolactin (PRL), and fatty acid synthase (FASN). A total of 93 allelic variants were identified, and the largest number of alleles were found for TGLA53, TGLA122 and TGLA227 loci, the mean PIC = 0.693, and the heterozygosity index for all loci was 0.7314. The greatest number of effective alleles per locus were found for the BM1824 locus. Based on association analyses, complex genotypes were established for the three genes (CSN3, PRL, FASN). It was found that the AAPRL AACSN3 AAFASN genotype determined the highest milk yield (8351 kg / lactation) and the protein content in milk (3.10%), whereas the AAPRL ABCSN3 GGFASN genotype determined the highest level of fat content in milk (3.80%).

The third metacarpal (MC3) bone, along with the proximal phalanx, is one of the bones that are most prone to injury in sport horses. To date, no detailed analysis has been conducted that would compare the strength parameters of bilateral MC3 bones taking into account differences depending on the site of measurement. The aim of the study was to compare strength parameters between the left and right MC3 bones in horses at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% of the bone length using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). The research material comprised isolated bilateral MC3 bones from 21 horses (age range: 3-27 years). The structure of these bones was measured using high-resolution pQCT. The following bone parameters were determined: polar strength strain index, strength strain index X and strength strain index Y. The computed tomographic analysis of the MC3 bones was carried out at sections from 10% to 80% (every 10%) of the bone length. The statistical analysis showed that in most cases the strength parameters calculated using pQCT were significantly higher for the right MC3 bones at 10%, 20% and 50% of the bone length, i.e. at the proximal metaphysis and at the proximal diaphysis. However, strength parameters measured at 60% and 80% of the diaphyseal length, i.e. at the distal diaphysis, were significantly higher for the left MC3 bones. Further studies of the MC3 bones parameters should focus on the vicinity of the proximal metaphysis and at the proximal diaphysis.