This conceptual paper explores the concept of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in relation to the teaching of 21st-century skills with the purpose of establishing a relationship between them. Due to the advancement and development of industrial revolution and technology, the education scenario also changes towards 21st-century education, whereby more focus is given on the use of technology and 21st-century skills. The teachers’ roles change, and they are required to not only teach the core subject matters, but they also have to teach and train the students with 21st-century skills. However, not all teachers are well-trained on how to teach those skills to the students, especially when they also have to integrate technology in their teaching as well. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate whether the teachers understand and know how to teach 21st-century skills while integrating technology at the same time. Based on this needs, this paper will discuss the teachers’ knowledge, understanding and application of the TPACK framework by Koehler et al. (2006) and how will this framework affect their teaching of 21st-century skills in the classroom. The 21st-century skills framework suggested by the Malaysian Ministry of Education called the 4C1V (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, creative thinking and values and ethics) which is based on the P21 framework is included in the conceptual framework of this study, along with the TPACK framework. This study will attempt to establish a relationship between these two frameworks through a quantitative study, and the findings from this study would contribute to the knowledge on what aspects or skills that teachers will need to improve in order to teach the 21st-century skills to the students. KEYWORDS: Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), 21st Century Education, 21st Century Skills
Background and Purpose: An intervention program becomes a necessity when a learning problem arises. To ensure the program effectiveness, pedagogical and assessment decisions rely heavily on the actual needs of learners. Hence, this study aimed to conduct a needs analysis survey to investigate the indigenous learners’ needs in terms of their attitudes towards ESL learning, favorable language skills, topics of interest and preferable modes of learning. Unlike other groups of Malaysian learners, the indigenous experience extreme ESL learning disadvantage due to their struggle to assimilate themselves in a multi-ethnic school environment. Methodology: This study employed design-based research (DBR) methodology with the utilization of mixed-method tools in the forms of document analysis and close-ended questionnaire. These data variations aim for the breadth and depth of understanding and corroboration. Past public examination results were used to highlight the indigenous learning problems in ESL learning followed by a survey questionnaire on forty-eight (48) 13-year-old indigenous learners. Findings: The findings reveal that the indigenous possessed extremely poor vocabulary mastery and experienced high language anxiety. Nevertheless, they surprisingly exhibited high awareness towards the potential usage of English language, and this level of awareness posits their needs and readiness to explore other means of learning which are not currently offered to them such as digital game-based learning. Contributions: The study informs ESL practitioners on the importance of considering the needs of the targeted learners and teachers involved so that contextualized, practical, and effective instruction could be designed, developed, and successfully delivered. Keywords: Design-based research, indigenous learners, instructional design, mixed-method tools, needs analysis. Cite as: Wan Mahzan, M. S., Alias, N. A., & Ismail, I. S. (2020). Investigating the needs of developing a digital vocabulary learning material for Malaysian indigenous learners in ESL classroom. Journal of Nusantara Studies 2020, 5(2), 282-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp282-302
The use of ICT in education has benefitted both students and educators in the education field. Currently, social networking sites are being used widely by university students in their daily lives for various purposes such as entertainment, networking, as well as educational purposes. There are many studies conducted to figure out whether the social networking sites benefit the students in formal education but there are not many studies done to investigate whether they are beneficial to students’ informal learning, especially in English language. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the contribution of social networking sites to the university students' English informal language learning. This quantitative study was conducted on Malaysian public university students in Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. A descriptive quantitative survey research was conducted in order to answer the research questions of this study. The results of this study revealed that most of the respondents learned English informally by saving interesting English quotes or images posted on social networking sites as well as by paying attention to the sentence patterns and accent while watching videos on those sites. The respondents of this study also perceived that they informally learned listening skills and vocabulary the most from the social networking sites. To conclude, social networking sites are not only useful for entertaining purposes, but they could also be used to informally learn and improve one’s English language skills. KEYWORDS: Language Learning, English Informal Learning, Social Networking Sites, Millennials, English In Social Networking Sites, ICT In Education
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