All 3 techniques were reliable, functional, and effective, yielding good visual outcomes and low phaco parameters and complication rates. Biaxial microincision surgery, with the smallest incisions, induced less astigmatism and reduced all intraoperative phaco parameters except total surgical time.

Dry eye findings and the ocular surface damage in GD were most likely associated with the ocular surface inflammation. Before the development of the classic findings of TAO, ocular surface inflammation can be the only presenting clinical sign in GD.

The quantitative analysis of the optic nerve head and peripapillary RNFL with SD-OCT can provide useful data in differentiating ODE from ONHD.

Although closure was reliable in both groups, the microcoaxial group had slightly fewer undesirable effects on the incision site. Low postoperative IOP seemed to be a significant factor in problematic healing.

IFIS occurred in 1.6% of cases having phacoemulsification. Intracameral adrenaline usage did not change the IFIS occurrence rate, but it seemed to be effective in preventing intraoperative miosis. There are still many questions about IFIS, and there is need for future studies strengthening the understanding of IFIS.