Seaweeds contain many varied and commercially valuable components, from individual pigments and metabolites through to whole biomass, and yet they remain an under cultivated and underutilised commodity. Currently, commercial exploitation of seaweeds is predominantly limited to whole biomass consumption or single product extracts for the food industry. The development of a seaweed biorefinery, based around multiple products and services, could provide an important opportunity to exploit new and currently underexplored markets. Here, we assessed the native and invasive seaweeds on the South West coast of the UK to determine their characteristics and potential for exploitation through a biorefinery pipeline, looking at multiple components including pigments, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and other metabolites.

Evidence is presented for the existence of two overlapping dispersions at 20°C in toluene. Resolution of the two dispersions was in terms of separate Debye relaxation processes, with dispersion parameters ε01=2.384, ε∞1=2.269, and τ1=5.80×10−12 sec for the low-frequency process and ε02=2.269, ε∞2=2.222, and τ2=2.0×10−13 sec for the high-frequency process. It is pointed out that it is not precluded that the high-frequency process may in actuality be a resonance absorption. The dielectric constant and loss values were obtained by a free-space method and the results for toluene at 20°C are given for a wavelength range between 9.2 and 2.5 mm. In addition, dielectric constant and loss values for toluene at temperatures of 30°, 40°, and 50°C are reported for wavelengths between 9.2 and 4.0 mm.

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A linear relationship (r2 = 099) was found between the concentration of acephate in the nutrient solution applied to gerberas (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bollus ex Hook. f) grown in perlite and the mortality of nymphs of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes oaporariorum Westwood. The LD,, for this method of application was 84 mg litre-'. A single irrigation with 180 mg litre-acephate killed all nymphs in 10 days without apparent damage to plants. At 120 mg litrel , acephate accumulated readily in leaves, reaching a maximum concentration of 11 mg kg-' dry matter on the third day of treatment. Concentrations in leaves then fell gradually, reaching 50% of the maximum concentration seven days later. Methamidophos was first detected in leaves approximately a day later than acephate. A maximum concentration of 9 mg kg-' dry matter was recorded on day 5 after which the concentration slowly fell. The half-life of methamidophos was estimated to be 11 days. The systemic use of acephate for the control of greenhouse whitefly and its relevance to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes for pests of ornamental plants are discussed.

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