Our study stresses the need for precise diagnostic criteria for adenomyosis, and furthermore indicates that endometrial hyperplasia and adenomyosis may have a common aetiology.

In Danish women, a supplement of 40 mg ferrous iron/day from 18 weeks of gestation appears adequate to prevent iron deficiency in 90% of the women and iron deficiency anemia in at least 95% of the women during pregnancy and postpartum.

Ultrasound scanning of the testes and surgical biopsy were performed in 95 infertile men to evaluate the use of ultrasound in male infertility. Ultrasonic testicular volume was calculated using three measurements and the formula of an ellipsoid, and the ultrasonic texture was evaluated and given a score from 1 to 5, indicating increasing degrees of irregularity. The median score was 3 (range 1-5), which was higher than previously found in normal men (median score 2; range 1-5; P < 0.0001). The ultrasonic texture score was lower in testes with a uniform pattern of 100% spermatogenic tubules compared with the rest, both for the right (P < 0.001) and for the left (P < 0.0005) testis. Texture score was correlated with the number of obliterated tubules for both testes (P < 0.001). The mean ultrasonic testicular volume of the right testis was 10.30 ml, and that of the left 10.26 ml. Both were smaller compared with the findings in normal men (P < 0.0001). Ultrasonic testicular volume was negatively correlated with texture score (P < 0.001). A positive correlation between ultrasonic volume and sperm count was seen (P < 0.001). Sperm count was negatively correlated with texture score if calculated together with data from 119 men from the general population (P < 0.001). The study shows that ultrasonic volume and texture are valuable parameters in the evaluation of infertile men.

To evaluate different methods for assessment of diagnosis and severity of urinary incontinence, 72 women underwent two consecutive 24 hours pad tests, a 1 hour pad test, a stress test, urodynamic examination, and a voiding-cysto-urethrography. The results were analysed and related to clinical findings.The 24 hours pad test revealed a good patient compliance, was as informative as to grade of incontinence as a 48 hours test, was reliable for all grades and types of incontinence, and correlated to clinical findings.The 1 hour pad test underestimated the grade of incontinence and was less correlated to clinical parameters than the 24 hours test.To estimate a level for pathological leakage, 25 continent controls underwent a 24 hours pad test. The results of the pad tests could be stratified by mean leakage per 24 hours as follows: up to 5 g in continent women, 40 g in mild incontinence, 80 g in moderate incontinence, and 200 g in severe incontinence.It could be concluded that a 24 hours home test was the pad test of choice for quantification and diagnosis of urinary incontinence.