The pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19 disease is ever unravelling. Researchers are continuously generating evidence regarding the mechanism of the infection and its complications. There is also an attempt to understand the role of various biomolecules in preventing or treating COVID-19 disease and its complications. Trials show that Vitamin D decreases the rate of admission in ICU. Vitamin C is known to exert the positive influence in decreasing the intensity of viral infections and severe sepsis. Vitamin B12 plays a pivotal role in gut microbiome management. Dietary supplementation of micronutrients with defined roles in immune function can streamline the balance of the body’s immune reaction, lessening the incidence of infections and ICU hospital stay. The focus of this review is to apply our modern knowledge of vitamin D, B12 and C as micronutrients & facilitator of immune competence. We suggest that vitamins D, B12 and C may serve as attenuators to COVID-19 symptoms. Large randomized trials are required to confirm this hypothesis.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the generic types of thyroid cancer and most prevalent form of malignancy among all cancers of the thyroid. It is also one of the few cancers with a rapidly increasing incidence. PTC constitutes approximately 85% of all thyroid cancer cases. PTC is usually contained within the thyroid gland and generally biologically indolent. The present article provides an updated condensed overview of PTC, which focuses mainly on the molecular and biomarker investigations.

Background: The association between TB, oxidative stress and dietary supplements is multidirectional. The inflammation associated pathology in tuberculosis leads to the development of the free radical generation. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was selected for the study. This study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad. A total of 75 subjects will be enrolled from department of respiratory medicine from Santosh hospital, Ghaziabad and were divided into 3 groups as 75 healthy individuals of either sex as controls, 75 newly diagnosed patients of pulmonary tuberculosis and 75 patients after 6 months from starting treatment. Patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and on anti tubercular treatment (after 6 months) belonging to age group of 18 years and above from either sex were included in this study. The data was collected from July 2020–June 2021. Results: A total of 225 patients were recruited for the study from the department of respiratory medicine. Newly diagnosed cases have significantly increased levels of MDA with values estimated as 4.59 nmol/ml as compared to the healthy subjects with value as 1.82 nmol/ml. Anti oxidant markers i.e. Serum calcium, total antioxidant capacity, Vitamin D and zinc levels were decreased with the TB patients and were raised after 6 months of ATT. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is an important health problem requiring early diagnosis for timely initiation of the therapy and control of disease transmission (RNTCP Guideline 2010). Although the available data suggest that the TB epidemic may be on the decline, the absolute number of new cases is still the highest. Anti tubercular therapy proves to be beneficial in reducing the oxidative stress and hence, the tubercular burden.

Carcinoma of the prostate is the most common malignant tumour in men over the age of 65 years with peak age of incidence between 70 and 74 years. Oxidative stress and one carbon metabolism are important contributary factors in etiopathogenesis in Prostate Neoplasm. Significant increase in oxidative stress and serum homocysteine level and no difference of serum vitamin B12 was found in BPH and prostate cancer cases compared to control group. Following review compare level of Oxidative Stress Marker and One Carbon Metabolism markers between Prostate neoplasm patients and control Group. Antioxidant drugs may play a role in influencing outcome in these patients. However, randomized trials are required to investigate.

Hypothyroidism may occur as a result of primary gland failure or insufficient thyroid gland stimulation by the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Hypothyroidism may be associated with pernicious anemia as part of the autoimmune polyglandular endocrinopathy. Thyroid hormones (THs) influence endothelium and directly raise NO production in vascular smooth muscle cells through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. Folic acid deficiency, administration of folate antagonists such as methotrexate and carbamazepine and disturbance of methionine metabolism after hypothyroidism has been suggested as the reasons of rising in serum homocysteine levels. The following article reviewed association of serum vitamin B12, folic acid and nitrosative stress in hypothyroidism. It suggests that combination therapy with levothyroxine plus folic acid will diminish serum homocysteine level more effectively; so this treatment regimen is preferable to levothyroxine alone in hypothyroidism.