Isolation of l-Bromo-l,2-dichlorotrifluoropropene (8), CFS-CC1-CCIBr.-Compound la (13.9 g, 0.0644 mol) was added to aluminum bromide (8.60 g, 0.322 mol) in a 50-ml flask surrounded by an ice-water bath. The mixture was then stirred and heated at 50 ± 5°under an atmosphere of nitrogen for 16 hr. The mixture was hyrolyzed, and the organic material washed with water and dried. The crude product, which contained ca. 7% of the first-eluted unknown compound, was subjected to simple distillation to remove high-boiling compounds.The distillate was separated by preparative glpc (15% SE-30 0.5 in. X 10 ft) at 70°with a flow rate of 300 ml min-1. The sample of the first-eluted unknown compound gave a single peak

A new oxidizing agent, prepared from 90% hydrogen peroxide and boron trifluoride etherate, has been found to oxidize simple aliphatic ketones to esters in good yields. The nuclear oxidation of wi-xylene and toluene was also effected with this reagent.The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones to esters has been accomplished with a variety of organic peroxy acids in those cases where the ketone is alicyclic, aralkyl, or aromatic, It has been reported that simple ketones of the type RCH2-COCH2R' 1 do not readily undergo oxidation to the corresponding esters with conventional reagents such as perbenzoic, peroxyacetic, and Caro's acids. Recently, however, trifluoroperoxyacetic acid2 has been shown to be an effective reagent for this reaction.Boron trifluoride has long been known to form coordination compounds with a diversity of inorganic and organic substances containing elements (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) with a free pair of electrons. It occurred to us that boron trifluoride should coordinate with hydrogen peroxide to form a complex which might exhibit oxidizing properties similar to those of trifluoroperoxyacetic acid.

Articles you may be interested inThe Ne-O2 potential energy surface from highresolution diffraction and glory scattering experiments and from the Zeeman spectrum J. Chem. Phys. 95, 195 (1991); 10.1063/1.461475The Ne-N2 potential energy surface from highresolution total differential scattering experiments and a closecoupling and infiniteordersudden analysis J. Chem. Phys. 89, 3505 (1988); 10.1063/1.454922Atom-surface scattering dynamics at hyperthermal energies Calculated scattering distributions for Ne on (001) LiF are compared with corresponding experimental distributions. For calculational purposes, the surface is effectively modeled by a monolayer of 3D harmonic oscillators representing F-ions. The atom-surface potential at close range is assumed to arise from twobody dispersion-exchange interactions which are represented by superposed Lennard-Jones (12, 6) model potentials. The foregoing potential is shown to be large with respect to that due to induced-dipole interaction. The long-range van der Waal's potential, for which the strength is independently specified, is taken to be one-dimensional in nature. The classical trajectory method combined with Monte Carlo distribution of surface impact coordinates and thermal states of gas/surface atoms is used to determine angular distributions of scattered beam intensity. Physical concepts underlying an efficient calculational algorithm required for high resolution scattering calculations are described. For a variety of incident beam conditions, including variation of beam "temperature," angle of incidence, and azimuth of the plane of incidence, calculated angular positions of dominant intensity peaks in the scattered beam typically agree with experimental determinations to within 3°_5°. Predictions of high intensity "ridge" structure, which is quite different in form for the (010) and the (110) planes of incidence, are confirmed by experimental studies undertaken elsewhere. Calculated values of absolute scattering probability in the plane of incidence typically agree with prior experimental determinations to within 10%-15%. Statistical fluctuations in the calculated intensities (",5%-10% of the calculated value) preclude a rigorous determination of whether or not the model reproduces all observed substructure on the high-intensity ridges. The parameters defining the semiempirical Ne/LiF potential used in the present study correspond to a heat of adsorption of "'0.016 eV, and to a two-body range parameter of 3.9 1. Means for determination of the potential parameters from a small part of the available experimental data and means for assessing the accuracy of these values are reported in a companion paper.

Billions of gallons of water are used annually to flush toilets in the United States. Consequences of this usage include consumption of natural resources and construction of new infrastructure to treat and transmit potable water and wastewater. Waterless, or no-flush urinals, may help mitigate these effects and offer other advantages, including lower utility charges, improved restroom hygiene, and decreased fixture maintenance. Some notable caveats include possible lack of acceptance by users, odor control problems, and rejection by code officials.As urine is about 96% liquid, no additional water is really needed to wash it down the drain. The waterless, urinal, looking much like its conventional counterpart, takes advantage o f this concept with generally positive results. This paper will discuss the design, applications, operation, maintenance, advantages, and disadvantages of waterless urinals. The results of two surveys of current users will be shared. A case study from a Texas school district will be also presented.