This study extends evidence on the efficiency of stock markets in developing countries using data from the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE), and also addresses some methodological issues which have contributed to the sparseness of similar studies. Evidence is provided that small markets such as the NSE may provide empirical results consistent with weak‐form efficiency. This evidence holds for the NSE irrespective of whether bid‐, ask‐, or market‐price series are used in conducting the study.

No abstract

Paracrine signaling by nitric oxide (NO) released from microvasculature within the brain affects multiple neuronal functions. Reviewed here is a role in central cardiovascular control. Within the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), a major regulatory region for arterial pressure, angiotensin II stimulates NO generation from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This enhances c-aminobutyric acid release to depress baroreflex function. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), eNOS mRNA in the NTS is elevated compared to normotensive rats. Chronic inhibition of eNOS activity in the NTS of SHR reduced arterial pressure and increased baroreflex gain. Thus, eNOS-generated NO in the NTS plays a major role in control of baroreflex gain and arterial pressure. Indeed, its activity contributes to hypertension in the SHR. We propose that eNOS-generated NO in the SHR may be a compensatory mechanism for any potential threat to an adequate blood supply to the brain (eg, from genetically small arteries supplying the brainstem).

No abstract