Seismogenic regions within some geographic area are interrelated through tectonics and seismic history, although this relation is usually complex, so that seismicity in a given region cannot be predicted in a straightforward manner from the activity in other region(s). We present a new statistical method for seismic hazard evaluation based on modeling the transition probabilities of seismicity patterns in the regions of a geographic area during a time interval, as a Markov chain. Application of the method to the Japan area renders good results, considering the occurrence of a high probability transition as a successful forecast. For magnitudes M ! 5:5 and time intervals D t ¼ 0:10 year, the method yields a 78% aftcast (forecast of data already used to evaluate the hazard) success rate for the entire catalog, and an indicative 80% forecast success rate for the last 10 transitions in the catalog. A byproduct of the method, regional occurrence probabilities determined from the transition probabilities, also provides good results; aftcasts of regional activity have a 98% success rate, and those of activity in the highest probability region about 80.5% success rate. All results are superior to those from the null hypotheses (a memory-less Poissonian, fixed-rate, or uniform system) and have vanishingly small probabilities of resulting from purely random guessing.
Se reportan 90 hipocentros relocalizados en la zona sísmica Mexicali y 60 soluciones de mecanismo focal de sismos del Valle Mexicali-Imperial. La información proviene de estaciones ubicadas en ambos lados de la frontera internacional y se complementa con catálogos y otros resultados ya publicados. Los epicentros con magnitud menor de 5.0 se concentran principalmente en las zonas sísmicas Mexicali y Brawley. En los últimos 50 años se produjeron periodos de fuerte actividad en el Valle. El ultimo, ocurrido entre 1973 y 1981, tuvo sus enjambres y replicas de sismos con ML>6.0 ubicados principalmente en sectores no-traslapados de las zonas sísmicas. Los focos están mayoritariamente entre os 5 y 13 km de profundidad. Los cuatro últimos temblores con ML>6.0 ocurrieron en las fallas Cerro Prieto e Imperial, inmediatamente afuera de las zonas sísmicas. Los mecanismos focales de estos cuatro temblores son compatibles con un desplazamiento de rumbo lateral-derecho en dirección noreste. Este desplazamiento es predominante en el Valle, aunque las zonas sísmicas presentan mecanismos de rumbo, normales y, en menor medida, inversos. Un mismo nido sísmico puede originar mecanismos de diferente tipo, aun en un lapso de pocas horas. Globalmente, las características encontradas concuerdan con una tectónica dominada por el movimiento relativo entre las placas Pacifico y Norteamericana.
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