This paper explores the differences between the investment theories of Michal Kalecki and John Maynard Keynes. We argue that Kalecki's ideas (and empirical support for them) are necessary for Keynes's arguments regarding the determination of the level of effective demand. Kalecki's theory of the role of finance in investment also provides a fuller understanding of the importance of liquidity concerns for Keynesian theory and connects the theory of effective demand to the logic of capitalism.

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The main objective of this article is to study some aspects of the labor market in Mexico, on the basis of an econometric model. Starting with an unrestricted VAR, the author finds two cointegration vectors, one with employment and output, and one with nominal wages, minimum wages, the price index, and labor productivity. A congruent model with the growth rates of the variables, and including the cointegration vectors, is finally estimated. On the basis of this model the author carries out an analysis of the effects of macroeconomic variables upon employment and nominal wages.LABOUR 13 (4) 859 ± 878 (1999) JEL E24, J30, 054 # Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1999,

Michal Kalecki, a pioneer of development economics. Kalecki made important contributions to development economics, which rank him among the founding fathers of this area of our discipline. The objective of this paper is to give an account of his contributions, and in particular of his conception of the peculiarities and the way of functioning of the underdeveloped economies, and of the barriers that limits their capacity for high and sustained long run growth. As most socialist economists of his time, he was skeptic about the possibilities of overcoming underdevelopment under capitalism. However, in contradistinction to other pioneers of development economics, Kalecki did not stress the international forces that hamper development, but put the accent rather in the internal institutions and social and political determinants. In particular, the feudal and semi-feudal conditions in agriculture, the reduced market ensuing from income concentration and widespread monopolization of the economy, and the lack of willingness of entrepreneurs to carry out the necessary investments. Accordingly, his economic policy recommendations emphasized also the domestic aspects involved.

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