Two cultivars of chokeberry -'Nero' and Polish 'Galicjanka' are sold in Poland. Sometimes, there are also present the seedlings of 'Viking' and 'Hugin' cultivars. In the experiment some morphological characteristics, the quality of fruits and chemical composition of four chokeberry cultivars ('Galicjanka' , 'Hugin' , 'Nero' , 'Viking') were compared. Chokeberry plants were grown at the Experimental Station of Pomology Department at the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Fruits collected from 'Hugin' cultivar shrubs were the smallest (100 fruits weight was 32 g) and the least juice was obtained from them (73.6%); however, they were characterised by the highest content of soluble solids (18.7°Bx), titratable acids (1.05 g), polyphenols (2340 mg), especially cyanidin 3-galactoside as well as nitrates (98.5 mg) and nitrites (1.87 mg). The 'Hugin' cultivar was characterised by light-coloured fruits, and, as a result, by lightcoloured juice. Fruits of 'Galicjanka' cultivar were the biggest, 100 fruits weight was 111,7 g. In fruits of the 'Nero' and 'Viking' cultivars, the content of individual components was at the lowest level. These cultivars have the largest amount of substances colouring fruits, pulp as well as red and blue juices, are also the darkest and the dark juice was obtained from them. Maceration of fruit pulp resulted in a significant change of colour of the juice obtained, it become darker and had a more intense blue colour.

The aim of study was to compare yield, fruit quality, chemical composition and fruits colour of berries of two blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) cultivars of Polish bred 'Wojtek' and 'Brązowa' collected at the beginning and at the end of harvest season, respectively. On average, 'Wojtek' yielded 1565 g per bush, whereas 'Brązowa' 1941 g. During the fruit ripening process, considerable changes were found in the fruit colour. Fruits of both cultivars became darker and their colour changed from green and yellow to red and blue. With the changes in fruit colour, considerable changes in firmness also occurred. Fruit ripening reduced fruit firmness and puncture resistance. For both genotypes, the berries of late harvest were bigger and richer in soluble solids and total polyphenol, however, they showed decreased firmness, lower acidity, and L-ascorbic acid content. Nevertheless the time of harvest, 'Wojtek' berries surpassed 'Brązowa' fruit regarding soluble solids, titratable acidity and L-ascorbic acid content (for late-crop berries of both cultivars 14.1>12.6%, 3.4>2.7 g citric acid 100 g 1 , and 76>56 mg 100 mL ). Among phenolics, anthocyanins made the substantial group ranging from 94.47 mg 100 g -1 ('Brązowa' berries of early harvest) to 141.96 mg 100 g -1 (late 'Wojtek' fruit).

No abstract

Technology, Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, Poland, The aim of a 3-year study was to compare the effect of substrate type (peat, sawdust and cocoa husk) on the yield, fruit quality, general and phenolic composition, and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar Patriot. The largest berries and the highest yield were obtained from bushes grown in sawdust (3.661 kg ha -1 ). Berries from bushes grown in cocoa husk had the highest content of N (14.25 g kg -1 ), P (1.17 g kg -1 ), K (6.51 g kg -1 ), and Zn (8.78 mg kg -1 ), as well as P (1.26 g kg -1 ) and K (6.99 g kg -1 ) in the leaves. Both the leaves and fruits of plants grown in sawdust had higher Cu concentrations (3.89 and 3.01 mg kg -1 ). Berries from sawdust-grown bushes had the highest soluble solids (13.1%) and total sugar (10.80 g 100 g -1 ) content. The fruits obtained from peat-grown bushes exhibited enhanced antioxidant capacity (38.6 µmol Trolox g -1 ). However, the highest levels of phenolics were noted in berries produced in the cocoa husk (208.29 mg 100 g -1 ) and peat-bed system (174.07 mg 100 g -1 ). Regardless of the type of substrate used, the following phenols were identified (in descending order): anthocyanins>chlorogenic acid>flavonols. Delphinidin-glycosides were the most abundant pigments, and cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin, and malvidin-glycosides were also detected. Total flavonol content (quercetin derivatives and kaempferol 3-rutinoside) was not significantly affected by the type of substrate.

In 2004-2006, an experiment was established at the Experimental Station Rajkowo belonging to the Agricultural University (West Pomeranian University of Technology) in Szczecin. High blueberry bushes were planted in an alkaline reaction (pH 7.1) heavy soil using three different substrates. The bushes were planted in trenches filled with peat, cocoa husk and sawdust. The fertilization of the plants was limited to a sole nitrogen supply (30 kg N ha -1 ), because chemical analyses of both the soil and the substrates showed high and/or moderate content of other nutrients. In order to decrease cocoa husk reaction and to maintain the reaction of peat and sawdust, the bushes were irrigated with H 2 SO 4 acidified water up to pH 2.5-3.5.The bed prepared of cocoa husk was characterized by the highest N (23.8 mg 100 g -1 ), Zn content (51.6 mg kg -1 ), and pH (5.0). On the other hand, sawdust substrate had the lowest salinity (0.35 g NaCl kg -1 ). Sawdust substrate showed the highest level of Mn (56.5 mg kg -1 ) and Cu (7.4 mg kg -1 ) and the lowest of Ca (83 mg 100 g -1 ), whereas, peat substrate showed the highest salinity (0.87 g NaCl kg -1 ) and the lowest pH (3.8). The usage of cocoa husk substrate resulted in the highest content of N (23.6), K (6.9 g kg -1 ) and Mn (104.5 mg kg -1 ) in cv. Sierra blueberry leaves as well as N (16.0) and K (6.5 g kg -1 ) in berries. The plants grown in sawdust substrate showed the highest level of Ca (1.75 g kg -1 ), Cu (3.2) and Zn (12.4 mg kg -1 ), in the leaves as well as S (1.7) and Cu (3.5 mg kg -1 ) in berries. RÓ¯NICE W SK£ADZIE CHEMICZNYM LIOECI I OWOCÓW BORÓWKI WYSOKIEJ W ZALE¯NOOECI OD RODZAJU POD£O¯A ZASTOSOWANEGO DO UPRAWYAbstrakt W latach 2004-2006, w Sadowniczej Stacji Badawczej Katedry Sadownictwa Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie (obecnie Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny), posadzono krzewy borówki wysokiej na glebie zwiêz³ej o odczynie zasadowym (pH 7,1) z zastosowaniem trzech ró¿nych rodzajów pod³o¿a. Krzewy posadzono w rowy wype³nione torfem, przekompostowan¹ ³usk¹ kakaow¹ oraz trocinami z drzew iglasto-lioeciastych. Nawo¿enie rooelin ograniczono do azotu (saletra amonowa 30 kg N ha -1 ), z powodu wysokiej lub/i oeredniej zawartooeci pozosta³ych sk³adników pokarmowych w glebie oraz pod³o¿ach. W celu ob-ni¿enia (³uska kakaowa) lub utrzymania niskiego odczynu pod³o¿a (torf, trociny) w czasie okresu wegetacji krzewy nawadniano wod¹ zakwaszan¹ H 2 SO 4 do odczynu 2,3-3,9.Pod³o¿e przygotowane z ³uski kakaowej mia³o najwy¿sz¹ zawartooeae azotu (23,8 mg 100 g -1 ), cynku (51,6 mg kg -1 ) oraz najwy¿sze pH (5.0), ponadto zawiera³o najmniej soli (0,35 g NaCl kg -1 ). Pod³o¿e przygotowane z trocin zawiera³o najwiêcej manganu (56,5 mg kg -1 ) i miedzi (7,4 mg kg -1 ) oraz najmniej wapnia (83 mg 100 g -1 ), natomiast by³o najbardziej zasolone (0,87 g NaCl kg -1 ) i mia³o najni¿szy odczyn (3,8). Krzewy odmiany Sierra posadzone w ³usce kakaowej zawiera³y najwiêcej azotu (23,6), potasu (6,9 g kg -1 ) i manganu (104,5 mg kg -1 ) w lioeciach oraz azotu (16,0) i potasu (6.5 g...