Background: We aimed to compare the prevalence and risk factors of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) using two different diagnostic criteria with the same statistical data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. Methods: Symptom-based CRS was defined as CRS diagnosed by questionnaires related to nasal symptoms. Endoscopy-based CRS was defined based on endoscopic findings and nasal symptoms of symptom-based CRS. Results: The overall prevalence of CRS based on the different diagnostic criteria was as follows: symptom-based CRS was 10.78% (797 of 7,394) and endoscopy-based CRS was 1.20% (88 of 7,343). Comparing symptom-based CRS to endoscopy-based CRS showed slight agreement (kappa = 0.183 (0.150-0.216, 95% confidence interval)). Allergic rhinitis was identified as a common risk factor for CRS based on the two diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: The prevalence and risk factors of CRS were quite different from each other according to the different criteria, even in the same population. Therefore, it would be important to consider what specific diagnostic criteria have been adopted in the studies comparing the prevalence of CRS.

This study aimed to evaluate the anticariogenic and remineralization effects of the glass ionomer dental luting cement containing nano-β-TCP in vitro. The β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) are the components of dental enamel and bone mineral as biological apatites. In addition, β-TCP contains a significant amount of calcium and phosphate, which can promote remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in animal and human. RelyXTM glass ionomer cement(3M/ESPE, USA) was used as dental luting cement. Film thickness, setting time, and compressive strength was measured for each group of pure glass GIC, 15% nano-β-TCP GIC. Human molars were prepared in box-shaped cavities that were filled with the GIC with and without the 15% nano-β-TCP were placed in 25ml of pH 5.0 acid buffer for 4 days at 37°C. After 4 days, longitudinal sections (1007m) were obtained through the center of each restoration. The sections were analyzed using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to identify the change in the enamel surface. A significant difference in the CLSM images between pure GIC and nano-β-TCP-GIC. CLSM allows the demineralized surface layers of sound enamel to be visualized down to approximately 100 μm. The pure GIC specimens had a relatively thick fluorescent layer. On the other hand, the fluorescent layer of the nano-β-TCP-GIC specimens were thinner. The SEM images of micro surfaces demonstrate that nano-β-TCP-GIC is less rough than pure GIC. Therefore, the addition of nano-β-TCP enhanced protection against acid demineralization and promoted remineralization of enamel surface.

he aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HA on the demineralization resistance and bonding strength of light-curing glass ionomer dental cement. Tests were conducted using (1) pure Fuji II LC GIC, (2) 15% micro HA-Fuji II LC GIC. Physical properties, demineralization resistance and bonding strength to dentin of teeth were determined. The curing depth in all groups were satisfied the requirement of curing depth of ISO 9917-2:2004(minimum curing depth = 1mm). The depth of cure was reduced with addition of HA, presumably due to the light scattering effect of HA particles. Regarding sensitivity to ambient light, there were no detectable changes of the homogeneity in any groups. Also all groups were satisfied the requirement of the flexural strength of ISO 9917-2:2004(minimum flexural strength = 20MPa). 15% HA-Fuji II LC GIC group was found to present a greater flexural strength than pure Fuji II LC GIC, as the addition of HA promotes a chemical reaction between the HA, the glass powder, and the polyacid. Observing under the CLSM after 4 days of demineralization, there were significant differences in the CLSM and SEM images. Pure Fuji II LC GIC group showed greater enamel demineralization layer than in 15% HA-Fuji II LC GIC group. In SEM analysis, there was greater enamel demineralization in the pure Fuji II LC GIC group, and less demineralized under the influence of HA particles, 15% HA-Fuji II LC GIC group had more even surface particles. 15% HA-Fuji II LC GIC group was found to present a greater bonding strength than pure Fuji II LC GIC group. Observing the fractured surfaces under SEM after the bonding strength test, the cohesive failure rate was found to be in increasing order of pure Fuji II LC GIC, 15% HA-Fuji II LC GIC group. There were bone-like apatite particles observed to be formed in 15% HA-Fuji II LC GIC group.

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