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Concentrations resulting in 50% mortality, determined with brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) larvae exposed to known mycotoxins for 16 hr, were (uzg/ml): aflatoxin GI, 1.3; diacetoxyscirpenol, 0.47; gliotoxin, 3.5; ochratoxin A, 10.1; and sterigmatocystin, 0.54. 4-Acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid y-lactone gave no mortality at 10 ,g/ml. Used as a screening system involving discs saturated with solutions of known mycotoxins, the larvae were relatively sensitive to aflatoxin B1, diacetoxyscirpenol, gliotoxin, kojic acid, ochratoxin A, rubratoxin B, sterigmatocystin, stemphone, and T-2 toxin. Quantities of 0.2 to 2 jig/disc caused detectable mortality. The larvae were only moderately sensitive to citrinin, patulin, penicillic acid, and zearalenone which were detectable at 10 to 20 ,ug/disc. They were relatively insensitive to griseofulvin, luteoskyrin, oxalic acid, and ,8-nitropropionic acid.

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Ochratoxin A has been obtained from both mycelium and culture filtrates of Penicillium viridicatum Westling grown on a yeast extract – sucrose medium. Ergosterol was also identified as a metabolite. The greatest amount of ochratoxin A was detected 9 days after inoculation. Toxin production decreased greatly after several successive subcultures. However, it was possible to obtain a strongly toxinogenic isolate again from the parent culture. Small amounts of ochratoxin A were detected in 60% whole wheat bread slices used as a substrate for P. viridicatum.