Hexaaquo‐Ru(II)‐p‐toluolsulfonat (Ausb. 50‐60% ) wird aus einer durch Reduktion einer RuO4‐Lösung mit metallischem Pb erhaltenen wäßrigen Lösung des Kations mittels Ionenaustauscher gebildet und isoliert.

Two new approaches to quantitatively analyze diffuse diffraction intensities from faulted layer stacking are reported. The parameters of a probability-based growth model are determined with two iterative global optimization methods: a genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results are compared with those from a third global optimization method, a differential evolution (DE) algorithm [Storn & Price (1997). J. Global Optim. 11, 341-359]. The algorithm efficiencies in the early and late stages of iteration are compared. The accuracy of the optimized parameters improves with increasing size of the simulated crystal volume. The wall clock time for computing quite large crystal volumes can be kept within reasonable limits by the parallel calculation of many crystals (clones) generated for each model parameter set on a super-or grid computer. The faulted layer stacking in single crystals of trigonal three-pointedstar-shaped tris(bicylco[2.1.1]hexeno)benzene molecules serves as an example for the numerical computations. Based on numerical values of seven model parameters (reference parameters), nearly noise-free reference intensities of 14 diffuse streaks were simulated from 1280 clones, each consisting of 96 000 layers (reference crystal). The parameters derived from the reference intensities with GA, PSO and DE were compared with the original reference parameters as a function of the simulated total crystal volume. The statistical distribution of structural motifs in the simulated crystals is in good agreement with that in the reference crystal. The results found with the growth model for layer stacking disorder are applicable to other disorder types and modeling techniques, Monte Carlo in particular.

We report here two series of coordination polymer chains: the first being [M(II)(ox)(bnz)(2)](n) (M = Mn 1, Fe 2, Co 3, Ni 4, Cu 5 and Zn 6; ox = oxalate C(2)O(4)(2-); bnz = benzimidazole) and the second [M(II)(ox)(btz)(2)](n) (M = Mn 7, Fe 8, Co 9, Ni 10, Cu 11 and Zn 12; btz = benzotriazole). The first series displays an unusual homometallic [-M(i)-M(ii)-M(ii)-](n) chain topology and the second series is isostructural to [Fe(II)(ox)(btz)(2)](n), originally reported by Jia et al. (Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 2002, 67, 1609-1615). These two series allow us to make comparisons between the spin state of each metal and the magnetic coupling interaction within an isostructural series spanning the full range of spin states available in 3d metals and to investigate which models are the best to use in each case. Compound 8 is a single-chain magnet, the behaviour through spin-canting arising from a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Additionally, we have synthesised a two-dimensional coordination polymer {[Zn(II)(bnz)(4)][Zn(II)(2)(ox)(3)]}(n) (13), in which distorted hexagonal [Zn(II)(2)(ox)(3)](n)(2n-) layers are hydrogen bonded by [Zn(II)(bnz)(4)](2+) cations to give an interlayer separation of 12.001(2) Å.

A tandem directed metalation has been successfully applied to the preparation of thieno[2,3-f]benzofuran-4,8-dione, providing an efficient and facile approach to symmetrically and unsymmetrically functionalize the thieno[2,3-f]benzofuran core at the 2,6 positions as well as to introduce the electron-withdrawing or -donating groups (EWG or EDG) at its 4,8 positions. The presence of various functional groups makes late-stage derivatization attainable.

Laboratory data are presented on the changes in the densities of 11-18 lb/gal oil and water base drilling fluids in the temperature and pressure ranges of 70°-400°F and 0-14,000 psig. Results indicate that the change in density of a given type of drilling fluid appear to be independent of the initial density of the fluid, and as oil base drilling fluids are subjected to high temperatures and pressures, they become more dense than water base drilling fluids. The test apparatus and calibration are also described.