Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is a current challenge to pediatricians. Pharmacological closure of PDA with indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor is an effective drug therapy, along with usual medical treatment. Administration of indomethacin may decrease mortality and morbidity (e.g. bronchopulmonary dysplasia) among very small premature infants (< 1,000 g). Co-administration of furosemide with indomethacin may lessen the transient renal side effects of indomethacin. The therapeutic efficacy of indomethacin in closure of PDA depends largely on understanding and manipulation of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug in preterm infants. Maintaining a therapeutic level of the drug in plasma is essential to achieve an optimal therapeutic response. Compared to surgical ligation, indomethacin is a noninvasive, less expensive and safer therapy for ductus closure.

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Our study establishes the following hierarchy of cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of PVD: hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, stroke.